Table 3.
The biological activities of saffron-based metabolites, which are used as potential therapeutic agents against a wide range of diseases.
| Name of Metabolite | Biological Activities | References |
|---|---|---|
| Crocin | Anti-schizophrenia, Antifatigue, Anti-Alzheimer’s, Neuroprotective, Anti-depressant, Anti-diabetic, Therapeutics for multiple sclerosis, Antioxidative, Anti-tumor, Therapeutics for neuro-retinal diseases, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-apoptotic, Mitigates blood pressure and heart rate |
[66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78] |
| Safranal | Anti-convulsant Anti-Alzheimer’s Anti-Huntington disease Therapeutics for retinal degeneration Antioxidative Prevention of respiratory distress |
[33,79,80,81,82] |
| Picrocrocin | Antiproliferative | [83] |
| Picrocrocin | Anti-cancer activity | [84] |
| Crocusatin D, Crocusatin F, Crocusatin G, Crocusatin H, Crocusatin E, Crocusatin I |
Withdrawal syndrome, depression, spatial memory |
[85] |
| Isophorone | Hyperglycemia–glucose uptake/metabolism Parkinson’s disease |
[85] |
| Lycopene | Reduces effects of CVD | [86] |
| Crocetin | Anti-Parkinson’s disease Protection of heart diseases Anti-apoptotic |
[55,87] |