Table 4.

Therapeutic values, dose, and host applicability of saffron extracts and isolated compounds used under in vivo/in vitro conditions.

Name of Saffron-Based Compound	The Experimental Animal/Cell Line	Effective Dose of the Extract	Disease Treatment under Tnvestigation	References
Crocin	Adult male Wistar rats	15 and 30 mg/kg/day	Learning and memory impairment, chronic stress	[74]
	Male Wistar albino rats	5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day	Cardioprotective effect, alleviating oxidative stress	[159]
	Male Wistar rats	50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day	Aids in prevention in the reduction in platelet counts	[159]
	Adult male mice	35 days, 20 mg/100 g	To neutralize hemolytic anemia	[160,161]
	Rats	5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day	Cardioprotective	[159]
	Adult male Wistar rats	25 and 50 mg/kg	Alleviating oxidative stress	[162]
Crocetin	Male Wistar rats	40 mg/kg for weeks	To prevent the development of insulin resistance	[163]
	Cultured retinal ganglion cells	3 mM	Alleviating oxidative stress	[164]
	Male Wistar rats	50, 100, and 200 mg/kg	Alleviating oxidative stress	[163]
	Male Wistar rats	1–50 mM	Neuroprotection	[165]
	Male Wistar rats	40 mg/kg for 8 weeks	To prevent the development of insulin resistance	[163]
	Mice	50–600 mg/kg	Anti-depressant	[166]
Safranal	Male Wistar rats	0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mL/kg	Alleviating oxidative stress	[160]
	Mice	0.15–0.5 mL/kg	Anti-depressant	[166]
	Adult male NMRI rats	24 h for 72 h, 727.5 mg/kg	Prevents oxidative damage in hippocampal tissue from ischemic rats	[167]
Saffron tablets	Human volunteers in placebo study	400 mg/day	Treatment of depression/anxiety and safety evaluation	[168]
	Human volunteers in pilot study	200 mg	To alleviate erectile dysfunction and infertility	[169]
	Human volunteers in pilot study	30 mg/day (15 mg twice a day)	Anti-depressant	[170]