Figure 1.

Graphical representation of the main differences in terms of hormonal and endocrine changes in males and females and common effects due to obesity. Abbreviations: IR—insulin resistance; PCOS—Polycystic ovary syndrome; HPG—hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal; TSH—Thyroid-stimulating hormone; CV—cardiovascular; T3—Triiodothyronine; LPS—Lipopolysaccharide; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SHBG—Sex hormone-binding globulin; BP—blood pressure; LDL-C—low-density lipoprotein—cholesterol; IGT—impaired glucose tolerance; and HPA—hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal. → leads to.