Figure 5.

H. elongata lipid extract and S. fusiforme SCF extract decrease microglia marker Iba1 and phagocytic marker CD68 in the cortex and the hippocampus. After staining brain slices of WT and APPswePS1ΔE9 mice for Iba1 or CD68 (n = 10–11 per group, 3 cortical and 1 hippocampal image of 1 slide per animal), the relative cortical and hippocampal surface areas of Iba1 (a,b) and CD68 (f,g) staining were determined. The microglial cell count was determined by the number of cell bodies positively stained for Iba1 per mm² (c,d). Representative images of the immunohistochemical staining of Iba1 and CD68 are presented in (e,h), respectively. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Differences between vehicle-treated APPswePS1ΔE9 and WT mice were analyzed with a Mann–Whitney U test (# p < 0.05); Treatment effects in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice were analyzed with a Kruskal–Wallis test (with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).