AGEs |
Advanced glycation end products |
AMPK |
AMP-activated protein kinase |
Ang-2 |
Angiopoietin 2 |
AuNPs |
Gold nanoparticles |
BRAs |
Black raspberry-derived anthocyanins |
BRB |
Blood–retinal barrier |
C3G |
Cyanidin-3-glucoside |
DHA |
Docosahexaenoic acid |
DME |
Diabetic macular edema |
DR |
Diabetic retinopathy |
EGCG |
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate |
eNOS |
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
EPA |
Eicosapentaenoic acid |
ER |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
ERK1/2 |
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |
FADH2 |
Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
GIT |
Gastrointestinal tract |
GRP78 |
78-kDa glucose-regulated protein |
HG |
High glucose |
HIF-1α |
Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha |
HO-1 |
Heme Oxygenase-1 |
HREC |
Human retinal endothelial cells |
IL |
Interleukin |
MAPK |
Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
mTOR |
Mammalian target of rapamycin |
MUFA |
Monounsaturated fatty acids |
NEs |
Nanoemulsions |
NF-κb |
Nuclear factor-kappa B |
NGF |
Nerve growth factor |
NLRP3 |
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 |
NPDR |
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy |
Nrf2 |
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
O/W |
Oil-in-water |
OA |
Oleic acid |
OIR |
Oxygen-induced retinopathy |
PDR |
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy |
PI3K |
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase |
PKC |
Protein kinase C |
PKR |
Protein kinase R |
PRP |
Panretinal photocoagulation |
PSD |
Postsynaptic density |
PUFA |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
RAGEs |
Receptor for AGEs |
RCT |
Randomized controlled trial |
ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |
RPE |
Retinal pigment epithelial cells |
SEDDS |
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems |
SFA |
Saturated fatty acids |
SIRT1 |
Sirtuin 1 |
SIRT3 |
Sirtuin 3 |
SNEDDS |
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems |
STZ |
Streptozotocin |
T1DM |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
T2DM |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
TCA |
Tricarboxylic acid |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor-α |
TXNIP |
Thioredoxin-interacting protein |
VEGF |
Vascular endothelial growth factor |
VTDR |
Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy |
W/O |
Water-in-oil |