Table 2.
Means and standard deviations for primary and secondary outcomes by treatment condition, and effect sizes.
| Interventiona |
Care as Usualb |
Effect sizec |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1–T2 | T1–T3 | |
| Measure | M | M | M | M | M | M | d | d |
| (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | (SD) | [95% CI] | [95% CI] | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||||||
| Eczema severity | ||||||||
| Clinician-rated | 5.47 | 6.77 | 4.73 | 5.21 | 6.32 | 5.13 | 0.07 | 0.22 |
| (3.70) | (3.10) | (3.70) | (3.80) | (3.10) | (3.10) | [−0.49, 0.64] | [−0.36, 0.80] | |
| Parent-report | 12.87 | 12.48 | 9.52 | 11.04 | 9.92 | 9.35 | −0.05 | 0.26 |
| (8.96) | (7.29) | (7.74) | (6.36) | (6.63) | (6.32) | [−0.60, 0.51] | [−0.31, 0.82] | |
| Treatment use | ||||||||
| Emollient use (g/day) | 16.53 | 14.05 | 7.85 | 10.76 | 8.51 | 7.88 | −0.02 | −0.32 |
| (21.18) | (15.70) | (11.67) | (13.49) | (9.47) | (9.72) | [−0.61, 0.56] | [−0.94, 0.30] | |
| Steroid use (g/day) | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.18 |
| (0.90) | (0.98) | (1.17) | (0.49) | (0.33) | (0.82) | [−0.21, 0.98] | [−0.44, 0.81] | |
| Adherence (% days)d | 45.00 | 30.92 | – | 43.38 | 50.40 | – | −0.35 | – |
| (37.20) | (35.26) | (39.81) | (34.83) | [−1.09, 0.39] | ||||
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Parenting practices | ||||||||
| Ineffective parenting | 3.55 | 2.87 | 2.91 | 3.05 | 3.04 | 3.05 | 0.84 | 0.60 |
| (0.79) | (0.70) | (0.71) | (0.63) | (0.57) | (0.59) | [0.26, 1.42] | [0.03. 1.18] | |
| Laxness | 3.23 | 2.33 | 2.14 | 2.74 | 2.73 | 2.73 | 0.66 | 0.61 |
| (1.25) | (0.69) | (0.68) | (0.98) | (0.94) | (0.91) | [0.09, 1.23] | [0.03, 1.19] | |
| Overreactivity | 3.26 | 2.73 | 2.96 | 2.51 | 2.59 | 2.70 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
| (1.18) | (1.11) | (1.15) | (0.97) | (0.83) | (1.02) | [−0.13, 1.00] | [−0.13, 1.02] | |
| Eczema management | ||||||||
| Self-efficacy | 7.40 | 7.82 | 8.36 | 8.37 | 8.30 | 8.35 | 0.47 | 0.74 |
| (1.51) | (1.62) | (1.64) | (1.19) | (1.48) | 1.41 | [−0.09, 1.04] | [0.16, 1.32] | |
| Task performance | 6.83 | 7.38 | 7.99 | 8.13 | 8.14 | 8.23 | 0.56 | 0.81 |
| (1.66) | (1.85) | (2.26) | (1.25) | (1.55) | 1.37 | [−0.01, 1.13] | [0.22, 1.40] | |
| Eczema behavior | ||||||||
| Extent | 83.32 | 72.05 | 65.71 | 72.75 | 70.08 | 66.68 | 0.27 | 0.52 |
| (34.82) | (32.13) | (38.69) | (33.25) | (40.18) | (32.45) | [−0.30, 0.83] | [−0.06, 1.11] | |
| Confidence | 178.25 | 200.00 | 217.34 | 211.25 | 208.64 | 211.42 | 0.26 | 0.63 |
| (54.21) | (34.14) | (38.76) | (41.67) | (43.72) | (34.93) | [−0.33, 0.84] | [0.01, 1.25] | |
| Quality of life | ||||||||
| Child | 8.10 | 7.73 | 6.32 | 7.64 | 7.62 | 6.44 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
| (5.71) | (6.16) | (5.86) | (5.03) | (5.95) | (4.31) | [−0.39, 0.68] | [−0.28, 0.79] | |
| Family | 11.16 | 10.23 | 8.95 | 10.46 | 9.44 | 6.94 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
| (7.68) | (8.33) | (7.84) | (7.07) | (7.95) | 5.60 | [−0.53, 0.60] | [−0.49, 0.65] | |
Note. Bolded figures indicate statistically significant effect sizes.
a
Intervention group T1 n = 31, T2 n = 23, T3 n = 21.
b
CAU group T1 n = 28, T2 n = 25, T3 n = 26.
c
Effect size represents the pre-post change in intervention group minus the pre-post change in Care as Usual group, divided by the pooled baseline SD and corrected for bias.
d
For children with mild/moderate/severe/very severe eczema (EASI score >1.0) at T1 and T2 only; intervention group T1 n = 13, T2 n = 12; CAU group T1 n = 16, T2 n = 15.