Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population, Transgender Women in the Eastern and Southern United States, by HIV Status
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 1018) | Without HIV (n = 742) | With HIV (n = 276) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, y (IQR) | 31 (25–42) | 29 (24–38) | 40 (31–51) | |||
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic/Latinx | 286 | (28) | 274 | (37) | 12 | (4) |
| Black, non-Hispanic/Latinx | 296 | (29) | 145 | (20) | 151 | (55) |
| Hispanic, any race | 275 | (27) | 201 | (27) | 74 | (27) |
| Other/mixed race, non-Hispanic/Latinx | 161 | (16) | 122 | (16) | 39 | (14) |
| Geographic region | ||||||
| Northeast | ||||||
| Boston | 184 | (18) | 170 | (23) | 14 | (5) |
| New York City | 253 | (25) | 216 | (29) | 37 | (13) |
| Upper South Atlantic | ||||||
| Baltimore | 131 | (13) | 78 | (11) | 53 | (19) |
| Washington, DC | 182 | (18) | 122 | (16) | 60 | (22) |
| Lower South Atlantic | ||||||
| Atlanta | 115 | (11) | 66 | (9) | 49 | (18) |
| Miami | 153 | (15) | 90 | (12) | 63 | (23) |
| Gender identity | ||||||
| Female or woman | 347 | (34) | 253 | (34) | 94 | (34) |
| Transwoman | 488 | (48) | 346 | (47) | 142 | (51) |
| Genderqueer/nonbinary/othera | 183 | (18) | 143 | (19) | 40 | (14) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single or casually dating | 692 | (68) | 490 | (66) | 202 | (73) |
| Committed or married | 267 | (26) | 204 | (27) | 63 | (23) |
| Other | 44 | (4) | 42 | (6) | 2 | (1) |
| Unknown | 15 | (1) | 6 | (1) | 9 | (3) |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| No high school completion | 169 | (17) | 92 | (12) | 77 | (28) |
| High school completion | 267 | (26) | 167 | (23) | 100 | (36) |
| Completed some college or moreb | 573 | (56) | 476 | (64) | 97 | (35) |
| Unknown | 9 | (1) | 7 | (1) | 2 | (1) |
| Sexual activity, 12 mo | ||||||
| No | 230 | (23) | 165 | (22) | 65 | (24) |
| Yes | 776 | (76) | 575 | (77) | 201 | (73) |
| Unknown | 12 | (1) | 2 | (0.3) | 10 | (4) |
| Gender(s) of sexual partner(s), 12 moc | ||||||
| Cisgender men only | 472 | (61) | 304 | (53) | 168 | (84) |
| Non-cisgender men only | 97 | (13) | 92 | (16) | 5 | (2) |
| Multiple partners of different gendersd | 204 | (26) | 177 | (31) | 27 | (13) |
| Unknown | 3 | (0.4) | 2 | (0.3) | 1 | (0.5) |
| Sexual partner concurrency, 12 moc | ||||||
| No | 431 | (56) | 308 | (54) | 123 | (61) |
| Yes | 333 | (43) | 259 | (45) | 74 | (37) |
| Unknown | 12 | (2) | 8 | (1) | 4 | (2) |
| Condomless sex, 12 moc | ||||||
| No | 212 | (27) | 126 | (22) | 86 | (43) |
| Yes | 549 | (71) | 440 | (77) | 109 | (54) |
| Unknown | 15 | (2) | 9 | (2) | 6 | (3) |
| Multiple sex partners, 3 mo | ||||||
| No | 542 | (53) | 391 | (53) | 151 | (55) |
| Yes | 464 | (46) | 349 | (47) | 115 | (42) |
| Unknown | 12 | (1) | 2 | (0.3) | 10 | (4) |
| PrEP use | ||||||
| Never | … | … | 526 | (71) | … | … |
| Former, ≥30 d ago | … | … | 84 | (11) | … | … |
| Current, <30 d ago | … | … | 119 | (16) | … | … |
| Unknown | … | … | 13 | (2) | … | … |
| AUDIT-C | ||||||
| Score < 4 | 681 | (67) | 485 | (65) | 196 | (71) |
| Score ≥ 4 | 298 | (29) | 232 | (31) | 66 | (24) |
| Unknown | 39 | (4) | 25 | (3) | 14 | (5) |
| Psychological violence | ||||||
| Never | 223 | (22) | 131 | (18) | 92 | (33) |
| Ever | 774 | (76) | 602 | (81) | 172 | (62) |
| Unknown | 21 | (2) | 9 | (1) | 12 | (4) |
| Physical violence | ||||||
| Never | 378 | (37) | 268 | (36) | 110 | (40) |
| Ever | 614 | (60) | 463 | (62) | 151 | (55) |
| Unknown | 26 | (3) | 11 | (1) | 15 | (5) |
| Sexual violence | ||||||
| Never | 559 | (55) | 408 | (55) | 151 | (55) |
| Ever | 431 | (42) | 321 | (43) | 110 | (40) |
| Unknown | 28 | (3) | 13 | (2) | 15 | (5) |
| Sex work | ||||||
| Never | 484 | (48) | 408 | (55) | 76 | (28) |
| Ever | 513 | (50) | 324 | (44) | 189 | (68) |
| Unknown | 21 | (2) | 10 | (1) | 11 | (4) |
| Incarceration history | ||||||
| Never | 705 | (69) | 575 | (77) | 130 | (47) |
| Ever | 273 | (27) | 143 | (19) | 130 | (47) |
| Unknown | 40 | (4) | 24 | (3) | 16 | (6) |
| Homelessness | ||||||
| Never | 499 | (49) | 397 | (54) | 102 | (37) |
| Ever, ≥3 mo ago | 365 | (36) | 247 | (33) | 118 | (43) |
| Ever, <3 mo ago | 131 | (13) | 83 | (11) | 48 | (17) |
| Unknown | 23 | (2) | 15 | (2) | 8 | (3) |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Insured | 915 | (90) | 660 | (89) | 255 | (92) |
| Uninsured | 86 | (8) | 75 | (10) | 11 | (4) |
| Unknown | 17 | (2) | 7 | (1) | 10 | (4) |
| Safety concern in transit to health care | ||||||
| No | 565 | (56) | 433 | (58) | 132 | (48) |
| Yes | 444 | (44) | 304 | (41) | 140 | (51) |
| Unknown | 9 | (1) | 5 | (1) | 4 | (1) |
| Gender identity therapy or counseling | ||||||
| Never | 282 | (28) | 191 | (26) | 91 | (33) |
| Former, ≥3 mo ago | 299 | (29) | 226 | (30) | 73 | (26) |
| Current, <3 mo ago | 418 | (41) | 318 | (43) | 100 | (36) |
| Unknown | 19 | (2) | 7 | (1) | 12 | (4) |
| Hormone treatment use | ||||||
| Never | 144 | (14) | 82 | (11) | 62 | (22) |
| Former, ≥3 mo ago | 74 | (7) | 44 | (6) | 30 | (11) |
| Current, <3 mo ago | 783 | (77) | 609 | (82) | 174 | (63) |
| Unknown | 17 | (2) | 7 | (1) | 10 | (4) |
| Genital surgerye | ||||||
| Never | 844 | (83) | 612 | (82) | 232 | (84) |
| Ever | 141 | (14) | 111 | (15) | 30 | (11) |
| Unknown | 33 | (3) | 19 | (3) | 14 | (5) |
| Engagement in HIV care, 12 mo | ||||||
| No | … | … | … | … | 34 | (12) |
| Yes | … | … | … | … | 207 | (75) |
| Unknown | … | … | … | … | 35 | (13) |
Data are No. (%) except where indicated as an interquartile range. Percentages may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Abbreviations: AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis.
aOther includes transfeminine/trans femme, woman of trans experience, person of trans experience, 2-spirit, other identity, and prefer not to answer.
bIncludes associate's degree and technical college.
cAmong those who are sexually active in the past 12 months (overall, n = 776; without HIV, n = 575; with HIV, n = 201).
dGenders include man, woman, transgender woman, transgender man, genderqueer (female at birth), and genderqueer (male at birth).
eVaginoplasty or orchiectomy.