Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis of predictors of overall survival in patients following curative-intent resection for gallbladder carcinoma.
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Reference | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P |
| Age >60 years | Age ≤60 years | 1.106 (0.695–1.761) | 0.671 | ||
| Female | Male | 0.960 (0.616–1.498) | 0.859 | ||
| BMI ≥24 kg/m2 | BMI <24 kg/m2 | 1.054 (0.675–1.647) | 0.817 | ||
| Incidental gallbladder carcinoma | Non-incidental gallbladder carcinoma | 1.279 (0.718–2.281) | 0.404 | ||
| Gallbladder disease | No gallbladder disease | 1.177 (0.756–1.832) | 0.471 | ||
| Preoperative PTCD | No preoperative PTCD | 3.191 (1.519–6.703) | 0.020 | 1.912 (0.879–4.159) | 0.102 |
| Preoperative ALT >40 U/l | Preoperative ALT ≤40 U/l | 1.210 (0.761–1.926) | 0.421 | ||
| Preoperative ALB <35 g/l | Preoperative ALB ≤35 g/l | 1.332 (0.777–2.284) | 0.297 | ||
| Preoperative INR >1.15 | Preoperative INR ≤1.15 | 0.971 (0.392–2.405) | 0.949 | ||
| Preoperative TB >17 µmol/l | Preoperative TB ≤17 µmol/l | 1.296 (0.832–2.020) | 0.252 | ||
| Preoperative CA19-9 >37 U/ml | Preoperative CA19-9 ≤37 U/ml | 2.214 (1.416–3.463） | <0.001 | ||
| Postoperative CA19-9 >37 U/ml | Postoperative CA19-9 ≤37 U/ml | 2.272 (1.409–3.664) | <0.001 | ||
| Right hemihepatectomy | Wedge/IVB+V liver segments resection | 1.791 (0.722–4.439) | 0.209 | ||
| R1 resection | R0 resection | 3.944 (2.066–7.530) | <0.001 | 2.481 (1.256–4.901) | 0.009 |
| Poor tumor differentiation | Well/moderate tumor differentiation | 1.735 (1.114–2.704) | 0.015 | 1.694 (1.080–2.656) | 0.022 |
| Vascular invasion | No vascular invasion | 2.386 (1.333–4.271) | 0.003 | ||
| Choledochal invasion | No choledochal invasion | 2.708 (1.699–4.314) | <0.001 | ||
| Lymph node metastasis | No lymph node metastasis | 3.455 (2.193–5.443) | <0.001 | ||
| 8th AJCC stage III/IV | 8th AJCC stage I/II | 2.740 (1.597–4.581) | <0.001 | 1.993 (1.137–3.492) | 0.016 |
| Normalization group | Normal group | 1.399 (0.785–2.495) | 0.255 | 1.421 (0.796–2.537) | 0.235 |
| Non-normalization group | Normal group | 3.500 (2.107–5.813) | <0.001 | 2.542 (1.470–4.396) | <0.001 |
| Adjuvant therapy | No adjuvant therapy | 0.637 (0.387–1.050) | 0.077 | 0.613 (0.367–1.025) | 0.062 |
AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; INR, international normalized ratio; PTCD, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; TB, total bilirubin.