Table 1.
Baseline characteristic in the derivation and validation cohort.
| All (n=10 993) | Derivation cohort (n=7695) | Testing cohort (n=3298) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 53.00 (30.00) | 53.00 (31.00) | 53 (29.00) | 0.2882 |
| Sex (n, %) | ||||
| Male | 5864 (53.34) | 4097 (53.24) | 1767 (53.58) | 0.7466 |
| Female | 5129 (46.66) | 3598 (46.76) | 1531 (46.42) | |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 21.26 (4.00) | 21.25 (3.68) | 21.28 (3.89) | 0.3315 |
| Drink (n, %) | 971 (8.83) | 649 (8.43) | 322 (9.76) | 0.0244 |
| Smoke (n, %) | 1158 (10.53) | 795 (10.33) | 363(11.01) | 0.2906 |
| Abdominal surgery history (n, %) | 2222 (20.21) | 1560 (20.27) | 662(20.07) | 0.8108 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1299 (11.82) | 899 (11.68) | 400 (12.13) | 0.5071 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 712 (6.48) | 497 (6.46) | 215 (6.52) | 0.9062 |
| COPD (n, %) | 136 (1.24) | 91 (1.18) | 45 (1.36) | 0.4292 |
| Chronic kidney disease (n, %) | 168 (1.53) | 123 (1.60) | 45 (1.36) | 0.3594 |
| Nervous system disease (n, %) | 196 (1.78) | 136 (1.77) | 60 (1.82) | 0.8505 |
| Cancer (n, %) | 437 (3.98) | 304 (3.95) | 133 (4.03) | 0.8399 |
| Cardiovascular disease (n, %) | 533 (4.85) | 377 (4.90) | 156 (4.73) | 0.7052 |
| Steroid use (n, %) | 101 (0.92) | 74 (0.96) | 27 (0.82) | 0.4715 |
| Surgical sepsis | ||||
| None (n, %) | 10167 (92.49) | 7127 (92.62) | 3040 (92.18) | 0.2146 |
| Sepsis only (n, %) | 559 (5.09) | 394 (5.12) | 165 (5.00) | |
| Septic shock (n, %) | 267 (2.43) | 174 (2.26) | 93 (2.82) | |
| Laboratory test, median (IQR) | ||||
| WBC (109 /l) | 9.20 (6.81) | 9.20 (6.79) | 9.20 (6.88) | 0.8410 |
| RBC (109 /l) | 4.29 (0.84) | 4.29 (0.84) | 4.29 (0.86) | 0.9879 |
| PLT (109 /l) | 198.00 (85.50) | 198.00 (86.00) | 197.00 (84.00) | 0.2929 |
| Hct (%) | 38.70 (7.30) | 38.80 (7.30) | 39.60 (7.40) | 0.5308 |
| Hb (g/l) | 129.00 (27.00) | 129.00 (27.00) | 129.00 (27.00) | 0.5146 |
| ALT (U/l) | 20.00 (17.00) | 20.00 (17.00) | 20.00 (17.00) | 0.7527 |
| AST (U/l) | 21.00 (11.00) | 21.00 (10.00) | 21.00 (11.00) | 0.3773 |
| TBil (μmol/l) | 16.37 (12.60) | 16.31 (12.60) | 16.40 (12.70) | 0.8059 |
| ALB (g/l) | 39.70 (7.00) | 39.62 (7.00) | 39.76 (7.10) | 0.4501 |
| Crea (μmol/l) | 69.30 (26.50) | 69.30 (26.90) | 69.30 (25.80) | 0.4927 |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 5.25 (2.90) | 5.27 (2.90) | 5.20 (2.92) | 0.8997 |
| Na+ (mmol/l) | 139.80 (4.00) | 139.80 (4.00) | 139.80 (3.90) | 0.6138 |
| K+ (mmol/l) | 3.91 (0.54) | 3.91 (0.54) | 3.92 (0.52) | 0.9869 |
| TCO2 (mmol/l) | 23.30 (3.50) | 23.30 (3.50) | 23.30 (3.50) | 0.3941 |
| PT (s) | 13.60 (1.80) | 13.60 (1.80) | 13.60 (1.90) | 0.1379 |
| INR | 1.08 (0.18) | 1.08 (0.18) | 1.08 (0.18) | 0.3484 |
| AAST EGS Grade (n, %) | ||||
| 1 | 6073 (55.24) | 4274 (55.54) | 1799 (54.55) | 0.7571 |
| 2 | 1151 (10.47) | 811 (10.54) | 340 (10.31) | |
| 3 | 1501 (13.65) | 1032 (13.41) | 469 (14.22) | |
| 4 | 1093 (9.94) | 763 (9.29) | 330 (10.01) | |
| 5 | 1175 (10.69) | 815 (10.59) | 360 (10.92) | |
| ASA classification (n, %) | ||||
| 1 | 658 (5.99) | 441 (5.73) | 217 (6.58) | 0.1999 |
| 2 | 7358 (66.93) | 5193 (67.49) | 2165 (65.65) | |
| 3 | 2796 (25.43) | 1939 (25.20) | 857 (25.99) | |
| 4 | 167 (1.52) | 111 (1.44) | 56 (1.70) | |
| 5 | 14 (0.13) | 11 (0.14) | 3 (0.09) | |
| ESS, median (IQR) | 2.00 (2.00) | 2.00 (2.00) | 2.00 (2.00) | 0.6812 |
| APACHE II, median (IQR) | 4.00 (4.00) | 4.00 (4.00) | 4.00 (4.00) | 0.9143 |
| In-hospital events | ||||
| Postoperative Mortality (n, %) | 153 (1.39) | 107 (1.39) | 46 (1.39) | 0.9860 |
| Postoperative pneumonia (n, %) | 632 (5.75) | 432 (5.61) | 200 (6.06) | 0.3527 |
| Postoperative SSI (n, %) | 531 (4.83) | 390 (5.07) | 141 (4.28) | 0.0756 |
| Postoperative thrombosis (n, %) | 616 (5.60) | 427 (5.55) | 189 (5.73) | 0.7043 |
| Postoperative mechanical ventilation > 48 h (n, %) | 674 (6.13) | 470 (6.11) | 204 (6.19) | 0.8763 |
AAST, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Crea, creatinine; EGS, emergency general surgery; ESS, Emergency Surgery Score; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct, hematocrit; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; K+, potassium ion; Na+, sodium ion; PLT, platelet; PT, prothrombin time; RBC, red blood cell; SSI, surgical site infection; TBIL, total bilirubin; TCO2, total carbon dioxide; WBC, white blood cell.