Skip to main content
. 2000 Feb 26;320(7234):559–562. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7234.559
    Class     Clinical features Hospital mortality (%)



Class I No signs of left ventricular dysfunction  6
Class II S3 gallop with or without mild to moderate pulmonary congestion 30
Class III Acute severe pulmonary oedema 40
Class IV Shock syndrome 80-90