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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2024 Mar 7;270:114006. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114006

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Matrix

1 2 3 4 5 N Mean (SD) Min – Max
Birth
 1. Newborn Signs of Stress 192 0.10 (.07) 0.00 – 0.31
7-months
 2. Maternal Parenting Stress −.12 163 50.89 (14.05) 25.00 – 96.88
18-months
 3. Toddler Gesturing −.16 −.05 129 44.57 (9.38) 22.00 – 62.00
 4. Toddler Receptive Vocabulary −.07 −.02 .72** 130 62.83 (19.27) 6.00 – 89.00
 5. Toddler Expressive Vocabulary −.15 −.03 .45** .51** 130 22.69 (19.63) 0.00 – 89.00

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

p < .10,

*

p < .05,

**

p < .01