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. 2024 Jun 5;56(6):1090–1099. doi: 10.1038/s41588-024-01763-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a, Hierarchical clustering by a weighted correlation matrix analysis with the WGCNA package identified 11 modules. These were named with umbrella terms reflecting the type of traits contained in the respective module. b, Between-trait correlation matrix and genetic correlation with RLS for traits reflecting submodules identified in the 11 modules by consensus manual inspection of clusters. These traits were taken forward to MR analysis. The correlation matrix (r_g matrix) indicates genetic correlation between the individual traits. Genetic correlation of each trait with RLS is indicated in the second column (r_g to RLS); the significance of this correlation is reported in the third column (−log₁₀ (P value), one-sample two-sided Z-test). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DTI PC1, diffusion tensor imaging principal component 1; ECG, electrocardiogram; dbd, diagnosed by doctor; ICD, ICD-10 coded hospital inpatient diagnosis; incl., including.