TABLE 1.

The UPR^mt in diseases.

Disease	UPRmt state	Therapeutic approach	Beneficial effect	References
Mitochondrial disease	Active	Activation of the UPRmt by - doxycycline - pterostilbene	❖ Restoration of normal mitochondrial protein expression patterns	Suarez-Rivero et al. (2022b), Suarez-Rivero et al. (2022)
			❖ Increase in complex I and IV activity
			❖ Stabilization of mutated proteins to allow them to exert their function
Neurodegenerative diseases	Active	Activation of the UPRmt by - nicotinamide riboside - ginseng	❖ Reduction in Aβ levels and improvement of memory	Sorrentino et al. (2017), Liu et al. (2023), Zhou et al. (2020)
			❖ Increase in lifespan
			❖ Increase in neurogenesis
			❖ Rescue of neuronal loss
Cardiac disease	Active	Activation of the UPRmt by - nicotinamide riboside - tetrahydrocurcumin (THC)	❖ Reduction in cardiomyocyte death	Smyrnias et al. (2019), Zhang et al. (2020)
			❖ Attenuation of contractile dysfunction
			❖ Attenuation of fibrosis
Cancer	Active	Inhibition of individual UPRmt components: dominant-negative ATF5 peptide - DCEM1 for Hsp60 - MKT077 for mtHsp70 - CDDO for Lonp1 - A2-32-01 for ClpP	❖ Decrease in the expression or activity of UPRmt-related proteins	Sun et al. (2020), Inigo et al. (2021), Kumar et al. (2022)
			❖ Reduction in cancer cell survival
			❖ Reduction in cancer progression