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. 2000 Mar 4;320(7235):626–629. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7235.626
Presentation (%) Associated medical history (%)


Pulmonary oedema (52) Ischaemic heart disease (54)
Congestive heart failure, with fluid overload (32) Hypertension (34)
Myocardial infarction and heart failure (9) Valve disease (12); previous stroke (10)
Associated atrial fibrillation (29) Diabetes mellitus (19); peripheral vascular disease (13); cardiomyopathy (1)