TABLE 1.
Participant demographics and sex differences.
| All (n = 25) | Males (n = 13) | Females (n = 12) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 23 ± 2 | 23 ± 2 | 23 ± 3 | 0.520 |
| Height (cm) | 172 ± 9 | 178 ± 8 | 165 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 70 ± 14 | 76 ± 14 | 65 ± 11 | 0.042 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24 ± 3 | 24 ± 3 | 24 ± 4 | 0.961 |
| Race | 18 White, 4 East Asian, 2 South Asian, 1 mixed White/Asian | 8 White, 3 East Asian, 1 South Asian, 1 mixed White/Asian | 10 White, 1 East Asian, 1 South Asian | |
| HR (bpm) | 70 ± 9 | 65 ± 10 | 75 ± 4 | 0.005 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 88 ± 5 | 87 ± 4 | 88 ± 6 | 0.905 |
| VE (L/min) | 13 ± 4 | 14 ± 5 | 13 ± 2 | 0.423 |
| SpO2 (%) | 98 ± 1 | 98 ± 1 | 99 ± 1 | 0.027 |
| Apnea duration (s) | 23 ± 8 | 25 ± 6 | 20 ± 8 | 0.163 |
| Normocapnic normoxia apnea ΔHR (bpm) | −11 ± 15 | −13 ± 15 | −8 ± 15 | 0.447 |
Note: All data are reported as mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; VE, minute ventilation; ΔHR, change in heart rate between free breathing and nadir during apnea.