TABLE 2.
City-specific average annual excess deaths and annual economic cost associated with particulate matter concentrations above the World Health Organization air quality guidelines limit (Latin America, 2009–2018).
| PM10 | PM2.5 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City (country) | VSL (US$ million) | Excess deaths (n, (95%eCI)) | Economic cost (US$ million, (95%eCI)) | Excess deaths (n, (95%eCI)) | Economic cost (US$ million, (95%eCI)) |
| Bogota (Colombia) a | 1.228 | 326 (−210; 880) | 400.5 (−257.5; 1,080.8) | ||
| Buenos Aires (Argentina) a | 2.144 | 391 (228; 563) | 839.4 (488.4; 1,206.9) | ||
| Guatemala City (Guatemala) a | 0.618 | 32 (−105; 171) | 19.5 (−64.6; 105.4) | ||
| Lima (Peru) a | 1.055 | 699 (33; 1,386) | 737.7 (34.8; 1,461.7) | ||
| Mexico City (Mexico) | 1.671 | 1,818 (1,056; 2,610) | 3,037.3 (1,765.1; 4,361.8) | 1,322 (642; 2032) | 2,209.6 (1,072.3; 3,396.1) |
| Montevideo (Uruguay) | 2.705 | 607 (285; 940) | 1,641.2 (770.6; 2,541.4) | 185 (65; 309) | 501.6 (175.9; 836.7) |
| Quito (Ecuador) | 1.037 | 233 (−16; 487) | 241.9 (−16.1; 504.7) | 189 (−88; 471) | 196.3 (−91.7; 488.8) |
| Santiago (Chile) | 2.426 | 735 (407; 1,078) | 1,782.6 (986.9; 2,614.1) | 673 (345; 1,016) | 1,633.6 (838.0; 2,463.8) |
| Sao Paulo (Brazil) | 1.695 | 1,998 (1,610; 2,405) | 3,386.9 (2,728.7; 4,076.2) | 316 (64; 577) | 535.5 (108.7; 977.4) |
Note: The WHO AQGs limit values are 15 for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 or less (PM10) and 5 for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 or less (PM2.5).
a
Cities with only PM10 data available.