Physicochemical parameters of gemini surfactants in aqueous solution.

Surfactant	CMCa (mM)	CMCb (mM)	γ CMC (mN m−1)	P C20	CMC/C20	Γ Max (μmol m−2)	A min (Å)	β	ΔGmic (kJ mol−1)
n = 2
Bis 8–2–8	0.0488	0.0475	34.07	5.98	46.48	0.629	263.95	0.59	−37.83
Bis 10–2–10	0.0448	0.0410	34.26	5.94	38.99	0.650	246.74	0.62	−39.44
Bis 12–2–12	0.0252	0.0247	34.06	6.01	25.57	0.745	222.75	0.72	−44.24
Bis 14–2–14	0.0099	0.0095	35.90	6.40	25.09	0.672	246.81	0.88	−53.26
Bis 16–2–16	0.0079	0.0073	39.95	6.07	9.32	0.727	228.40	0.80	−51.04
n = 4
Bis 8–4–8	0.0809	0.0698	34.14	5.79	50.14	0.614	270.26	0.42	−31.00
Bis 10–4–10	0.0618	0.0638	36.24	5.53	21.26	0.694	239.18	0.70	−40.72
Bis 12–4–12	0.0489	0.0551	40.39	5.30	9.76	0.685	242.07	0.86	−46.65
Bis 14–4–14	0.0112	0.0113	42.03	5.73	6.01	0.748	221.74	0.88	−52.77
Bis 16–4–16	0.0014	0.0011	43.75	6.37	3.29	0.931	178.31	0.63	−49.83

^aMeasured by tensiometry.

^bMeasured by conductimetry.