Table 7.
Role of miRNA in Aβ metabolism.
| MicroRNA | Role in Aβ metabolism | References |
|---|---|---|
| miR-339-5p | An up-regulation of BACE1 results from a decrease in miR-339-5p, which promotes the accumulation of Aβ. | Long et al. (2014) |
| miR-29c and miR-135b | It exerts a negative regulatory influence on the expression of BACE1 and has neuroprotective properties. | Zong et al. (2011) and Zhang et al. (2016, p. 1) |
| miR-15b | A component of Aβ metabolism that regulates the activity of BACE1. | Gong et al. (2017) and Li and Wang (2018) |
| miR-195 | Participates in Aβ metabolism by regulating BACE1 activity | Zhang X. et al. (2018), Su et al. (2021), and Seyedaghamiri et al. (2023) |
| miR-124 | Participates in Aβ metabolism via regulation of BACE1 activity. | Fang et al. (2012), Zhang et al. (2017) |
| miR-15/107 | Downregulated in AD hippocampi, enhancing Aβ generation and phosphorylation of APP. | Moncini et al. (2017) and Li et al. (2019b) |
| miR-221 | Expression levels are reduced in Alzheimer’s disease. Enhances the abundance of ADAM10, a constituent of α-secretases that plays a role in the breakdown of APP. | Manzine et al. (2018) |
| miR-151 | Downregulates APH1 (Anterior pharynx defective-1), a member of the γ-secretase complex. | Xu et al. (2019) |
| miR-151 | Downregulates APH1 (Anterior pharynx defective-1), a member of the γ-secretase complex. | Xu et al. (2019) |
| miR-107 | Downregulated AD BACE1 and ADAM10 are targeted, influencing APP metabolism. | Nelson and Wang (2010), Augustin et al. (2012), and Goodall et al. (2013) |
| miR-140-5p | Increased expression in Alzheimer’s disease. Exerts a negative regulatory effect on ADAM10 and is triggered by Aβ. |
Akhter et al. (2018) |
| miR-132 | Downregulation in AD upregulates ITPKB (Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B) and BACE1 activity. | Salta et al. (2016) and Zhu et al. (2016) |
| miR-330 | VAV1 (Regulator of the small Rho-GTPase) is negatively regulated via the MAPK pathway, increasing Aβ generation | Zhou Y. et al. (2018) |
| miR-153 | Suppresses the expression of APP | Long et al. (2012) |
| miR-200b/c | PTEN inhibition promotes Akt activation and mitigates the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ. | Wu Q. et al. (2016) |
| miR-302 | Stimulating Akt via the PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinases)/mTOR pathway mitigates the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ. | Li H.-H. et al. (2016) |
| miR-33 | ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) levels are decreased when miR-33 is upregulated in AD; this enzyme regulates Apolipoprotein E (APOE) lipidation and Aβ metabolism, thereby increasing Aβ levels. | Kim et al. (2015) |
| miR-188-5p | Downregulated in response to Aβ42 oligomerization in neurons of the hippocampus. | Lee et al. (2016) |
| miR-128 | Targets peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a protein that enhances the development of Aβ pathology. | Huang et al. (2018) |