Table 9.

Role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

miRNA	Role in ALS pathologies	References
miR-125b	The A20 protein is a protective mechanism against the death of MNs (motor neurons) caused by activated G93A microglia by suppressing miR-125b.	Parisi et al. (2013, 2016)
miR-375-3p	Downregulating the expression of miR-375-3p leads to ineffective regulation of p53, causing an increase in the production of NDRG2. This, in turn, produces reactive oxygen species, initiating a damaging loop.	Rohm et al. (2019)
miR-18b-5p	The presence of miR-18b-5p led to the activation of HIF1α, resulting in an upregulation of Mef2c expression. Mef2c upregulated the transcription factor miR-206 expression. The suppression of mctp1 and RARB, targeted by miR-206, resulted in increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and decreased cell differentiation, respectively.	Kim et al. (2020)
miR-124	The increase in miR-124 expression is associated with the deterioration of mSOD1 motor neurons, the disruption of communication between the nervous and immunological systems, and the disturbance of internal stability.	Vaz et al. (2021)
miR-9 and miR-105	Downregulation of miR-9 and miR-105 in ALS could disrupt the balance of intermediate filaments, ultimately leading to the clumping of these filaments and, ultimately, the death of neurons.	Hawley et al. (2019)
miR-126-5p	Downregulation promoted axon degeneration and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) breakdown.	Maimon et al. (2018)
miR-1825	Downregulation increases the production of TBCB (tubulin-folding cofactor b), which can potentially trigger the breakdown and degradation of TUBA4A (tubulin α-4A chain)	Helferich et al. (2018)