. 2023 Nov 2;59(7):1153–1165. doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02578-x

Table 3.

Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals showing population differences in non-affective psychotic disorders (ICD-10 codes F20–F29) among refugees, migrants and descendants compared with majority youth adjusted for socio-demographic risk factors

	Simple model		Full model
	Men IRR [95% CI]	Women IRR [95% CI]	Men IRR [95% CI]	Women IRR [95% CI]
Denmark (person-years)	(6,180,192)	(5,870,651)	(6,180,192)	(5,870,651)
Population (ref: majority)
Refugees	2.54***	1.55***	1.96***	1.21*
Refugees	[2.32–2.79]	[1.33–1.80]	[1.78–2.16]	[1.04–1.41]
Migrants	2.26***	1.55***	1.75***	1.19*
Migrants	[2.01–2.53]	[1.33–1.82]	[1.55–1.97]	[1.01–1.40]
Descendants	1.90***	1.13	1.51***	0.90
Descendants	[1.68–2.15]	[0.94–1.36]	[1.33–1.72]	[0.75–1.09]
Socio-economic variables
Disability pension^a			2.42***	2.56***
Disability pension^a			[2.13–2.75]	[2.16–3.04]
Unemployment^a			1.58***	1.23***
Unemployment^a			[1.48–1.68]	[1.13–1.34]
Sickness absence^a			2.33***	2.80***
Sickness absence^a			[2.12–2.57]	[2.50–3.12]
Urban municipality^b			1.31***	1.32***
Urban municipality^b			[1.24–1.37]	[1.24–1.40]
Low income family^b			2.42***	2.56***
Low income family^b			[2.13–2.75]	[2.16–3.04]
Sweden (person-years)	(10,854,560)	(10,205,232)	(10,854,560)	(10,205,232)
Population (ref: majority)
Refugees	2.85***	2.30***	2.19***	2.05***
Refugees	[2.65–3.05]	[2.06–2.57]	[2.03–2.36]	[1.83–2.30]
Migrants	2.57***	2.50***	2.04***	2.16***
Migrants	[2.35–2.81]	[2.22–2.81]	[1.86–2.23]	[1.91–2.44]
Descendants	2.11***	1.67***	1.74***	1.48**
Descendants	[1.75–2.55]	[1.24–2.23]	[1.44–2.10]	[1.10–1.98]
Socio-economic variables
Disability pension^a			5.37***	5.84***
Disability pension^a			[4.96–5.82]	[5.26–6.48]
Unemployment^a			2.69***	2.06***
Unemployment^a			[2.55–2.84]	[1.90–2.24]
Sickness absence^a			2.74***	2.12***
Sickness absence^a			[2.49–3.01]	[1.90–2.37]
Urban municipality^b			1.25***	1.14***
Urban municipality^b			[1.19–1.32]	[1.06–1.23]
Low income family^b			1.61***	1.38***
Low income family^b			[1.50–1.73]	[1.26–1.53]

Poisson model (individual-level data, replication across countries)

Age and age squared included as continuous terms and year of entry included as fixed effects in all models

^aTime-varying covariate measured preceding year

^bMeasured at age 18

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001