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. 2024 Jun 14;14:13741. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63165-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fitness of the cryopreserved microfilaria from the SCID mouse. (a) Microfilariaemia of the SCID mice inoculated with cryopreserved microfilariae (n = 3). (b) L3 number of the individual mosquitoes fed with microfilariae collected from the SCID mice blood inoculated with cryopreserved microfilariae (SCID-Cryo), cryopreserved microfilariae (Cryo), or collected from an infected dog (Dog). ****p < 0.0001, ^nsp > 0.05 (Kruskal–Wallis test). (c) In vitro L3-to-L4 molting assay. L3 obtained from the mosquitoes fed with blood of the SCID mice inoculated with cryopreserved microfilariae (SCID-Cryo), fed with cryopreserved microfilaria (Cryo), or from the mosquitoes fed with blood collected from an infected dog (Dog). ^nsp > 0.05 (one-way ANOVA on day 9). (d) Microfilariae viability assay in vitro. Survival rate of microfilariae obtained from SCID mice inoculated with cryopreserved microfilariae (SCID-Cryo), those from an infected dog (Dog), or cryopreserved microfilariae (Cryo). Microfilaria survival was statistically analyzed every 2 weeks by one-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05 both between SCID-Cryo and Cryo, and SCID-Cryo and Dog. (e–j) Anthelmintic ivermectin responsible assay of the D. immitis microfilaria obtained from the SCID mice inoculated with cryopreserved microfilariae or cryopreserved microfilariae. (e) 50 mM, (f) 25 mM, (g) 12.5 m, (h) 6.25 mM, (i) 3.125 mM and (j) 0 mM. Microfilariae survival was monitored every day. Microfilaria survival on each ivermectin concentration between the SCID and Dog groups was statistically compared on day 3. There were significant differences in all concentrations (*p < 0.05, unpaired t-test). SCID severe combined immunodeficiency.