Table 1.
Study population demographics demographics and brain structure volumes
| HC (N = 91) | SCD (N = 65) | MCI (N = 319) | ADD (N = 267) | Total (N = 742) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (#,%F) | 0.011$ | |||||
| F | 49 (53.8%) | 32 (48.5%) | 156 (48.9%) | 166 (62.2%) | 403 (54.3%) | |
| Chronological Age (years) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 67.3 (8.6)^# | 68.5 (9.7)^# | 74.8 (7.7)* + # | 77.6 (8.0)* + ^ | 74.3 (8.9) | |
| Brain Age (years) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.7(14.9)^# | 73.4(19.8)^# | 87.6b(18.7)* + # | 92.5 (25.1)* + ^ | 85.9 (22.4) | |
| BPAD | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.4 (11.1)^# | 5.3 (16.5)^# | 12.8 (18.1)* + # | 14.9 (25.0)* + ^ | 11.6 (20.6) | |
| MMSE score | < 0.001 | |||||
| N | 71 | 59 | 302 | 259 | 691 | |
| Mean (SD) | 29 (1) | 28 (2) | 25 (3) | 21 (5) | 24 (5) | |
| Years of education (YOE) | < 0.001 | |||||
| N | 58 | 58 | 292 | 236 | 644 | |
| Mean (SD) | 14.9 (3.8) | 14.0 (3.2) | 12.8 (4.0) | 10.9 (3.9) | 12.4 (4.1) | |
| WM (mL) | 0.004 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 626 (58) | 628 (56) | 604 (69) | 603 (81) | 608 (72) | |
| GM (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 853 (44)^# | 830 (60)# | 799 (66)*# | 780 (74)* + ^ | 801 (70) | |
| Frontal CGM (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 216 (17)^# | 213 (24)# | 199 (26)* | 194 (28)* + | 200 (27) | |
| Parietal CGM (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 140 (13) + ^# | 133 (15)*# | 126 (16)*# | 120 (20)* + ^ | 126 (18) | |
| Occipital CGM (mL) | 0.009 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 63 (11) + ^# | 57 (8)* | 59 (12)* | 58 (13)* | 59 (12) | |
| Temporal CGM (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 150 (10)^# | 147 (16)^# | 136 (15)* + # | 130 (16)* + ^ | 136 (16) | |
| Hippocampus, Left (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (0.4)^# | 4.3 (0.5)*^# | 3.9 (0.6)* + # | 3.6 (0.7)* + ^ | 3.9 (0.7) | |
| Hippocampus, Right (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.7 (0.4)^# | 4.4 (0.5)*^# | 4.1 (0.6)* + # | 3.7 (0.8)* + ^ | 4.0 (0.7) | |
| Thalamus, Left (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.1 (0.6)# | 8.1 (0.7) | 7.7 (0.6) | 7.6 (0.8)* | 7.7 (0.7) | |
| Thalamus, Right (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.2 (0.7)^# | 8.0 (0.8) | 7.7 (0.7)* | 7.7 (0.7)* | 7.8 (0.7) | |
| Lateral Ventricles (mL) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 43 (22)^# | 48 (23)^# | 66 (30)* + # | 77 (33)* + ^ | 65 (32) |
Data represented as mean, standard deviation (SD). Analysis: Chi-square test (categorical variables “$”; sex), ANCOVA (corrected for age and education) and Post-hoc analysis with Tukey correction (significance between disease stages and MMSE score) Disease stages: Cognitively healthy controls; HC. Subjective cognitive decline subjects; SCD. Mild cognitive impairment patients; MCI. Alzheimer disease dementia patients; ADD. Discrete variables: Mini Mental-State Examination score; MMSE. Continuous variables. Brain age predicted difference; BPAD. White matter; WM. Gray matter; GM. Cortical gray matter; CGM; Baseline, BL. Significant differences indicated by: disease vs. HC “*”; vs. SCD “ + ”; vs. MCI “^”; vs. ADD “#”