TABLE 2.
Preoperative and operative patient characteristics stratified by operative mortality
| Variable | Operative mortality |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n =70) | No (n = 1111) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 39 (30–53) | 43 (32–56) | .085 |
| Sex | |||
| Women | 25 (35.7) | 361 (32.5) | .577 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 (22.6–32.3) | 25.1 (21.8–29.4) | .017 |
| Race | |||
| White | 55 (78.6) | 892 (80.3) | .727 |
| Black | 10 (14.3) | 145 (13.1) | .767 |
| Other | 5 (7.1) | 74 (6.7) | .876 |
| Hypertension | 37 (52.9) | 446 (40.1) | .038 |
| Diabetes | 13 (18.1) | 158 (14.0) | .339 |
| Non‐insulin‐dependent | 6 (8.6) | 92 (8.3) | .932 |
| Insulin‐dependent | 6 (8.6) | 62 (5.6) | .297 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 27 (38.6) | 285 (25.7) | .019 |
| Renal status | |||
| GFR (ml/min) | 58.4 (33.5–87.4) | 80.8 (56.2–104.1) | <.001 |
| Dialysis | 11 (15.7) | 86 (7.7) | .019 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 11 (15.7) | 83 (7.5) | .013 |
| Previous stroke | 22 (31.4) | 285 (25.7) | .285 |
| Lung disease | 11 (15.7) | 85 (7.7) | .014 |
| Immunosuppression | 6 (8.6) | 73 (6.6) | .500 |
| Previous MI | 14 (20.0) | 142 (12.8) | .072 |
| Previous PCI | 3 (4.3) | 39 (3.5) | .736 |
| CHF | 40 (57.1) | 466 (41.9) | .018 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | |||
| Previous CABG | 9 (12.9) | 45 (4.1) | .001 |
| Previous valve surgery | 34 (48.6) | 363 (32.7) | .007 |
| Incidence | |||
| Re‐operative cardiovascular surgery | 34 (48.6) | 386 (34.7) | .019 |
| Number of valves affected | |||
| 1 | 38 (54.3) | 828 (74.5) | <.001 |
| ≥2 | 32 (45.7) | 283 (25.5) | |
| Presenting in shock | 13 (18.6) | 58 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Urgency of intervention | |||
| Elective | 9 (12.9) | 219 (19.7) | .159 |
| Urgent/emergent | 61 (87.1) | 892 (80.3) | |
| Cultured organism | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 24 (34.3) | 361 (32.5) | .756 |
| Streptococcus | 11 (15.7) | 263 (23.7) | .126 |
| Coagulase‐negative staphylococcus | 3 (4.3) | 29 (2.6) | .402 |
| Enterococcus | 11 (15.7) | 138 (12.4) | .421 |
| Fungal | 3 (4.3) | 51 (4.6) | .906 |
| Other | 12 (17.1) | 199 (17.9) | .871 |
| Culture negative | 6 (8.6) | 70 (6.3) | .453 |
| Operative details | |||
| Native valve procedure | |||
| Aortic valve replacement | 31 (44.3) | 372 (33.5) | <.001 |
| Mitral valve procedure | |||
| Mitral valve replacement | 10 (14.3) | 228 (20.5) | .632 |
| Mitral valve repair | 7 (10.0) | 127 (11.4) | .784 |
| Tricuspid valve procedure | 7 (10.0) | 174 (15.7) | .523 |
| Tricuspid valve replacement | 5 (7.1) | 105 (9.5) | .909 |
| Tricuspid valve repair | |||
| Bioprosthetic valve replacement | 30 (42.9) | 311 (28.0) | .008 |
Abbreviations: CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CHF, congestive heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Note: Data presented as median (interquartile range), n (%).