Table 2.
Incidence Rates and Cox Regression Analyses For Risk of Primary and Secondary Outcomes According to COPD
| Number of events | Incidence rate 100 patient‐y (95% CI) | P value | Univariable analysis HR (95% CI) | Multivariable analysis* HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite outcome | |||||
| COPD | 24 | 25.1 (16.1–37.3) | <0.001 | 3.96 (2.61–6.03) | 3.17 (2.05–4.90) |
| No COPD | 243 | 6.3 (5.5–7.2) | Reference | Reference | |
| All‐cause death | |||||
| COPD | 15 | 14.9 (8.3–24.5) | <0.001 | 5.64 (3.28–9.70) | 3.59 (2.04–6.30) |
| No COPD | 103 | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | Reference | Reference | |
| Cardiovascular death | |||||
| COPD | 2 | 2.0 (0.2–7.2) | <0.001 | 3.24 (0.77–13.70) | 2.65 (0.60–11.70) |
| No COPD | 24 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | Reference | Reference | |
| Thromboembolic events | |||||
| COPD | 1 | 1.0 (0.3–5.5) | 0.718 | 1.51 (0.21–11.20) | 1.48 (0.19–11.48) |
| No COPD | 27 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | Reference | Reference | |
| Acute coronary syndrome/percutaneous coronary intervention | |||||
| COPD | 1 | 1.0 (0.2–5.5) | 0.979 | 0.96 (0.13–6.97) | 0.72 (0.10–5.36) |
| No COPD | 40 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | Reference | Reference | |
| New or worsening heart failure | |||||
| COPD | 8 | 8.3 (3.6–16.3) | <0.001 | 3.52 (1.71–7.26) | 3.32 (1.56–7.03) |
| No COPD | 88 | 6.0 (2.9–9.1) | Reference | Reference | |
COPD indicates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and HR, hazard ratio.
*
Adjusted for: age, sex, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, chronic kidney disease, cancer, dyslipidemia, dementia, oral anticoagulation, and beta blocker use.