Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by CVD Among CMEC in Sichuan
| Characteristic | Total (N=14 427) | CVD (n=1837) | No CVD (n=12 590) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 50.29±11.78 | 58.62±10.99 | 49.08±11.40 | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.361 | |||
| Men | 6321 (43.8) | 823 (44.8) | 5498 (43.7) | |
| Women | 8106 (56.2) | 1014 (55.2) | 7092 (56.3) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No formal school | 1607 (11.1) | 337 (18.3) | 1270 (10.1) | |
| Primary school | 2713 (18.8) | 464 (25.3) | 2249 (17.9) | |
| Junior middle school | 4674 (32.4) | 589 (32.1) | 4085 (32.4) | |
| High school | 2619 (18.2) | 277 (15.1) | 2342 (18.6) | |
| College or above | 2814 (19.5) | 170 (9.3) | 2644 (21.0) | |
| Annal household income (CNY), n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <12 000 | 1290 (8.9) | 224 (12.2) | 1066 (8.5) | |
| 12 000–19 999 | 1706 (11.8) | 252 (13.7) | 1454 (11.5) | |
| 20 000–59 999 | 5340 (37.0) | 711 (38.7) | 4629 (36.8) | |
| 60 000–99 999 | 2994 (20.8) | 388 (21.1) | 2606 (20.7) | |
| ≥100 000 | 3097 (21.5) | 262 (14.3) | 2835 (22.5) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Married or cohabitating | 13 119 (90.9) | 1643 (89.4) | 11 476 (91.2) | |
| Separated or divorced | 596 (4.1) | 63 (3.4) | 533 (4.2) | |
| Unmarried | 164 (1.1) | 11 (0.6) | 153 (1.2) | |
| Widowed | 548 (3.8) | 120 (6.5) | 428 (3.4) | |
| Urbanicity, n (%) | 0.829 | |||
| Rural | 6524 (45.2) | 835 (45.5) | 5689 (45.2) | |
| Urban | 7903 (54.8) | 1002 (54.5) | 6901 (54.8) | |
| Hypertension family history, n (%) | 0.329 | |||
| No | 5862 (40.6) | 755 (41.1) | 5107 (40.6) | |
| Not sure | 2727 (18.9) | 324 (17.6) | 2403 (19.1) | |
| Yes | 5838 (40.5) | 758 (41.3) | 5080 (40.3) | |
| Smoke, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Smoking | 3674 (25.5) | 455 (24.8) | 3219 (25.6) | |
| Quitted | 960 (6.7) | 191 (10.4) | 769 (6.1) | |
| Never | 9793 (67.9) | 1191 (64.8) | 8602 (68.3) | |
| Secondhand smoke, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 6789 (47.1) | 945 (51.4) | 5844 (46.4) | |
| Yes | 7638 (52.9) | 892 (48.6) | 6746 (53.6) | |
| Alcohol, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 6736 (46.7) | 991 (53.9) | 5745 (45.6) | |
| Yes | 7691 (53.3) | 846 (46.1) | 6845 (54.4) | |
| Indoor air pollution, n (%) | 0.005 | |||
| No | 2208 (15.3) | 241 (13.1) | 1967 (15.6) | |
| Yes | 12 219 (84.7) | 1596 (86.9) | 10 623 (84.4) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 12 580 (87.2) | 1271 (69.2) | 11 309 (89.8) | |
| Yes | 1847 (12.8) | 566 (30.8) | 1281 (10.2) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 13 646 (94.6) | 1636 (89.1) | 12 010 (95.4) | |
| Yes | 781 (5.4) | 201 (10.9) | 580 (4.6) | |
| MetS, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 11 683 (81.0) | 1288 (70.1) | 10 395 (82.6) | |
| Yes | 2744 (19.0) | 549 (29.9) | 2195 (17.4) | |
| Obesity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 10 478 (72.6) | 1134 (61.7) | 9344 (74.2) | |
| Yes | 3949 (27.4) | 703 (38.3) | 3246 (25.8) | |
| Raised triglycerides, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 9464 (65.6) | 1065 (58.0) | 8399 (66.7) | |
| Yes | 4963 (34.4) | 772 (42.0) | 4191 (33.3) | |
| Raised high‐density lipoprotein, n (%) | 0.586 | |||
| No | 10 084 (69.9) | 1274 (69.4) | 8810 (70.0) | |
| Yes | 4343 (30.1) | 563 (30.6) | 3780 (30.0) | |
| Raised BP, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 8543 (59.2) | 662 (36.0) | 7881 (62.6) | |
| Yes | 5884 (40.8) | 1175 (64.0) | 4709 (37.4) | |
| Impaired fasting glucose, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 8515 (59.0) | 818 (44.5) | 7697 (61.1) | |
| Yes | 5912 (41.0) | 1019 (55.5) | 4893 (38.9) | |
| BMI | 24.24±3.28 | 24.81±3.25 | 24.15±3.28 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, MET‐h/d | 21.92±14.99 | 18.81±15.16 | 22.38±14.91 | <0.001 |
| DASH score | 20.19±4.39 | 19.95±4.47 | 20.23±4.38 | 0.011 |
| Temperature | 13.39±1.37 | 13.45±1.27 | 13.38±1.38 | 0.038 |
Continuous variables are presented as the mean±SD. Categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages). Differences between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non‐CVD were examined by t test (for continuous variables) and χ2 test (for categorical variables). BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CMEC, China Multi‐Ethnic Cohort; CNY, Chinese Yuan; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MET, metabolic equivalent; and MetS, metabolic syndrome.
*
P value corresponds for the comparison of characteristics of patients with CVD vs those without CVD.