Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Variables | Overall cohort (N=99 368) | Incident heart failure (N=3406 [3.4%]) | No incident heart failure (N=95 962 [96.6%]) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex, n (%) | 56 655 (57.0) | 1213 (35.6) | 55 442 (57.8) | <0.001† |
| Age at enrollment, y | 57.5±7.8 | 62.5±5.8 | 57.4±7.8 | <0.001† |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 45 430 (45.7) | 2053 (60.3) | 43 377 (45.2) | <0.001† |
| Frequent alcohol consumption, n (%) | 42 611 (42.9) | 1356 (39.9) | 41 255 (43.0) | <0.001† |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 7098 (7.1) | 728 (21.4) | 6370 (6.7) | <0.001† |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 33 249 (33.5) | 1951 (57.4) | 31 298 (32.7) | <0.001† |
| Heart attack history, n (%) | 2986 (3.0) | 571 (16.8) | 2415 (2.5) | <0.001† |
| Stroke history, n (%) | 1859 (1.9) | 217 (6.4) | 1642 (1.7) | <0.001† |
| Atrial fibrillation history, n (%) | 1689 (1.7) | 328 (9.6) | 1361 (1.4) | <0.001† |
| BMI at enrollment, kg/m2 | 28.0±5.1 | 30.55±6.1 | 27.88±5.0 | <0.001† |
| Within‐participant mean BMI (across longitudinal measures), kg/m2 | 27.0±4.7 | 29.4±5.6 | 26.9±4.6 | <0.001† |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 55.8±14.8 | 49.9±14.1 | 56.0±14.8 | <0.001† |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 136.0±34.3 | 122.2±35.7 | 136.6±34.1 | <0.001† |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 218.0±45.2 | 227.0±43.9 | 207.1±44.4 | <0.001† |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dL | 134.3 (95.0–193.4) | 151.7 (106.7–214.7) | 133.7 (94.6–192.6) | <0.001† |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 93.9±13.1 | 87.6±16.4 | 94.1±13.0 | <0.001† |
| Cholesterol‐lowering medication, n (%) | 22 611 (22.9) | 1774 (52.4) | 20 837 (21.8) | <0.001† |
| Blood pressure medication, n (%) | 12 308 (12.5) | 541 (16.0) | 11 767 (12.3) | <0.001† |
| BMI variability | ||||
| SD | 1.54±1.26 | 1.68±1.24 | 1.53±1.26 | <0.001† |
| Coefficient of variation | 0.0560±0.0393 | 0.0562±0.0396 | 0.0560±0.0394 | 0.137 |
| BMI change | ||||
| Slope, kg/m2 per year | 0.160±0.140 | 0.194±0.170 | 0.159±0.139 | <0.001† |
Mean±SD shown for continuous variables unless stated otherwise; count (percentage) shown for categorical variables.
BMI indicates body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; and LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*
P value for comparing incident heart failure vs no incident heart failure groups.
† P<0.05 used for defining statistical significance.