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. 2024 Apr 30;13(9):e033897. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.033897

Figure 4. Changes in the first underlying causes of deaths among patients with HF having concomitant AF.

Figure 4

A, Ischemic heart disease; B, hypertensive heart disease; C, cardiomyopathy; D, stroke; and E, COPD. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and HF, heart failure.