Table 3.

Age‐Adjusted Mortality Rate Trend in US Subjects With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation, 1999 to 2020, Stratified by Urbanization Level

	AAMR 1999 (95% CI)	AAMR 2020 (95% CI)	AAPC (95% CI); P value	Number of joinpoints	Period 1 [y]; APC (95% CI), P value	APC period 2 [y]; APC (95% CI), P value	P value
County‐level urbanization
Urban	7.95 (7.83–8.06)	19.58 (19.43–19.73)	+4.0 (3.7–4.4); <0.001	1	[1999–2011]; +2.2 (1.8–2.6); <0.001	[2011–2020]; +6 (6.0–7.2); <0.001	0.12
Rural	9.04 (8.78–9.29)	25.00 (24.63–25.38)	+4.6 (4.2–4.9); <0.001	1	[1999–2012]; +2.5 (2.1–2.9), <0.001	[2012–2020]; +8.1 (7.2–9.0); <0.001

AAMR indicates age‐adjusted mortality rate, expressed as deaths per 100 000 population; AAPC, average annual percent change; and APC, annual percent change.