Table 3.
Participant 1-, 3-, and 12-month outcomes (N = 243)
| 1 month after index emergency department encounter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Intervention (n = 157) | Control (n = 86) | Test statistic | p-value | Odds Ratio (OR)(95% CI) | |
|
| |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
|
| |||||
| Overdose related ED re-presentation | 3 (1.9%) | 3 (3.5%) | 0.57 | 0.45 | 0.54 (0.11, 2.73) |
| MOUD linkage | 36 (22.9%) | 14 (16.3%) | 1.50 | 0.22 | 1.53 (0.77, 3.03) |
| All-cause ED re-presentation | 34 (21.7%) | 18 (20.9%) | 0.02 | 0.90 | 1.04 (0.55, 1.99) |
| All-cause inpatient admission | 48 (30.6%) | 17 (19.8%) | 3.31 | 0.07 | 1.79 (0.95, 3.36) |
| Medicaid enrollment (among baseline uninsured) | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.54 (0.11, 2.73) |
| Overdose mortality | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |
| All-cause mortality | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Duration of MOUD engagement (days)* | 17.7 (6.7, 24.9) | 15.9 (8.0, 30.0) | −0.51 | 0.76 | 0.74 (0.25, 2.18) |
|
| |||||
| 3 months after index emergency department encounter | |||||
|
| |||||
| Intervention (n = 157) | Control (n = 86) | Test statistic | p-value | Odds Ratio (OR)(95% CI) | |
|
| |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
|
| |||||
| Overdose related ED re-presentation | 11 (7.0%) | 6 (7.0%) | 0.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 (0.32, 1.65) |
| MOUD linkage | 49 (31.2%) | 26 (30.2%) | 0.02 | 0.87 | 1.05 (0.59, 0.85) |
| All-cause ED re-presentation | 63 (40.1%) | 30 (34.9%) | 0.64 | 0.42 | 1.25 (0.72, 2.16) |
| All-cause inpatient admission | 52 (33.1%) | 20 (23.3%) | 2.59 | 0.11 | 1.63 (0.90, 2.98) |
| Medicaid enrollment (among baseline uninsured) | 10 (33.3%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.85 (0.47, 1.56) |
| Overdose mortality | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | --- |
| All-cause mortality | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.38 | 1.00 | 0.60 (0.06, 5.90) |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Duration of MOUD engagement (days)* | 39.0 (21.0, 64.3) | 30.3 (8.0, 63.3) | −1.14 | 0.25 | 1.69 (0.73, 3.88) |
|
| |||||
| 12 months after index emergency department encounter | |||||
|
| |||||
| Intervention (n = 157) | Control (n = 86) | Test statistic | p-value | Odds Ratio (OR)(95% CI) | |
|
| |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
|
| |||||
| Overdose related ED re-presentation | 26 (16.6%) | 15 (17.4%) | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.94 (0.47, 1.89) |
| MOUD linkage | 77 (49.0%) | 38 (44.2%) | 0.53 | 0.47 | 1.22 (0.72, 2.06) |
| All-cause ED re-presentation | 102 (65.0%) | 56 (65.1%) | 0.00 | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.57, 1.72) |
| All-cause inpatient admission | 71 (45.2%) | 36 (41.9%) | 0.25 | 0.61 | 1.15 (0.67, 1.95) |
| Medicaid enrollment (among baseline uninsured) | 16 (53.3%) | 15 (75.0%) | 2.39 | 0.12 | 1.79 (0.62, 2.26) |
| Overdose mortality | 3 (1.9%) | 6 (7.0%) | 0.04 | 0.07 | 3.85 (0.94, 15.80) |
| All-cause mortality | 7 (4.5%) | 9 (10.5%) | 0.04 | 0.10 | 2.50 (0.90, 7.00) |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Duration of MOUD engagement (days)* | 84.0 (30.0, 168.0) | 53.5 (22.0, 207.3) | −0.18 | 0.86 | 1.07 (0.54, 2.09) |
Note: Forty-one patients died in the post-intervention observation window (POINT = 25 [15.92%] and Control = 16 [18.60%]): patients were excluded from 1-, 3-, or 12-month analysis if they died within the observation window. Test statistics and p-values are based on Pearson chi-square test for binary variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.
*
For participants with MOUD engagement only.