Table 5.
Peri-operative outcomes of robotic pedicle dissection and microsurgery. (DIEP deep inferior epigastric perforator)
| Flap Pedicle Dissection | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic Only | Number of patients | Length of stay (days) | Complications | Complication rate | Procedure time (mins) | Docking time (mins) | Harvest time (mins) | Console time (mins) |
| Zanaty et al., [80] (Thoracic artery) | 1 | |||||||
| Gundlapalli et al., [73] (DIEP) | 1 | 0 | 0.0% | 480 | 20 | 40 | ||
| Dayaratna et al., [77] (DIEP) | 1 | 0 | 0.0% | 680 | 16 | 92 | 92 | |
| Bishop et al., [75] (DIEP) | 21 | 3.8 | 5 | 23.8% | 425.3 | 44.8 | 44.8 | |
| Daar et al., [75] (DIEP) | 4 | 3.7 | 2 | 50.0% | 717.6 | |||
| Wittesaele et al., [78] (DIEP) | 10 | 4.5 | 1 | 10.0% | 479 | 27.5 | 86 | 86 |
| Tsai et al., [79] (DIEP) | 13 | 1 | 7.7% | 15 | 53 | 53 | ||
| Choi et al., [74] (DIEP) | 17 | 487 | 65 | 65 | ||||
| Total | Average | Total | Average complication rate | Average | Average | Average | Average | |
| 68 | 4 | 9 | 15.3% | 545 | 20 | 63 | 68 | |
| Flap inset/microsurgical anastomosis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic Only | Number of patients | Length of stay | Complications | Complication rate | Procedure time (mins) | Inset time (mins) | Anastomosis time (mins) | Console time (mins) |
| Hans et al., [81] (RFFF inset) | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0% | 310 | 35 | 75 | |
| Song et al., [82] (RFF inset/anastomosis) | 5 | 0 | 0% | 591 | 150 | |||
| Lai et al., [83] (RFF inset, venous anastomosis) | 5 | 0 | 0.0% | 142 | 31 | 40 | ||
| Miyamato et al., [84] (Nerve) | 6 | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
| Chang et al., [88] (Nerve graft) | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0.0% | ||||
| Lindenblatt et al., [90] (LVA/arterial anastomosis) | 5 | |||||||
| Beier et al., [34] (arterial anastomosis) | 23 | 6 | 18.75% | 69 | 69 | |||
| Besmens et al., [92] (arterial anastomosis) | 6 | 33 | 33 | |||||
| Chen et al., [93] (nerve anastomosis) | 23 | 3.2 | 2 | 13.0% | 510 | |||
| Innocenti et al., [94] (arterial/venous anastomosis) | 1 | 0 | 0.0% | 22 | 22 | |||
| Weinzierl et al., [95] (LVA) | 8 | 0 | 0% | 22.6 | 22.6 | |||
| Total | Average | Total | Average complication rate | Average | Average | Average | Average | |
| 76 | 7.07 | 8 | 3.5% | 388 | 33 | 63 | 50 | |
| Flap inset/microsurgical anastomosis | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robotic Vs Conventional | Control | Number of patients | Length of stay | Complications | Complication rate | Procedure time (mins) | Inset time (mins) | Anastomosis time (mins) | Console time (mins) | |||||||
| Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | |||
| Tsai et al., [85] (RFF inset, secondary venous anastomosis) | Conventional | 14 | 33 | 2 | 1 | 15.4% | 3.03% | |||||||||
| Lai et al., [86] (arterial/venous anastomosis) | Conventional | 15 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 6.67% | 38 | 28 | 38 | 28 | ||||||
| Van Mulken et al., [87] (LVA) | Conventional | 20 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 115 | 81 | 25 | 9 | ||||||
| Barbon et al., [89] (arterial/venous/nerve/lymph anastomosis) | Conventional | 22 | 11 | 25.3 | 14.1 | |||||||||||
| Van mulken et al., [91] (LVA) | Conventional | 20 | 12 | |||||||||||||
| Total | Total | Total | Average Complication Rate | Average | Average | Average | ||||||||||
| 91 | 94 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3.3% | 3.03% | 115 | 81.0 | 32 | 18.5 | 32 | 21.1 | ||||
| Overall (anastomosis/inset) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | Average length of stay (days) | Total complications | Average complication rate | Average procedure time | Average inset time | Average anastomosis time | Average console time | ||||||||
| Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control | Robot | Control |
| 167 | 94 | 7.07 | 11 | 1 | 3.40% | 3.03% | 409.01 | 81.00 | 33.00 | 49.95 | 18.50 | 37.56 | 28.00 | ||