Table 3.

Descriptive statistics of core variables.

Motivation dimension	Serial Number	Average value	Standard deviation	Skewness		Kurtosis
				Statisticians	Standard error	Statisticians	Standard error
Idol worship	IW1	3.580	1.026	− 0.433	0.075	− 0.306	0.151
	IW2	3.590	1.043	− 0.478	0.075	− 0.259	0.151
	IW3	3.700	0.994	− 0.611	0.075	0.104	0.151
	IW4	3.520	1.018	− 0.339	0.075	− 0.273	0.151
	IW5	3.640	0.975	− 0.583	0.075	0.093	0.151
	IW6	3.570	1.019	− 0.451	0.075	− 0.159	0.151
Leisure entertainment	LE1	3.800	0.881	− 0.668	0.075	0.553	0.151
	LE2	3.670	0.974	− 0.562	0.075	0.042	0.151
	LE3	3.640	0.933	− 0.406	0.075	− 0.116	0.151
	LE4	3.810	0.895	− 0.697	0.075	0.462	0.151
	LE5	3.680	0.927	− 0.455	0.075	− 0.024	0.151
Belonging identification	BI1	4.150	0.928	− 1.114	0.075	1.033	0.151
	BI2	3.980	0.982	− 0.857	0.075	0.240	0.151
	BI3	4.010	0.959	− 0.912	0.075	0.535	0.151
	BI4	4.000	0.943	− 0.849	0.075	0.455	0.151
	BI5	3.730	0.991	− 0.502	0.075	− 0.237	0.151
Peripheral activities	PA1	3.390	1.066	− 0.360	0.075	− 0.386	0.151
	PA2	3.290	1.126	− 0.183	0.075	− 0.671	0.151
	PA3	3.370	1.064	− 0.215	0.075	− 0.502	0.151
	PA4	3.460	1.068	− 0.395	0.075	− 0.376	0.151
Competitive stimulation	CS1	3.820	0.949	− 0.757	0.075	0.434	0.151
	CS2	3.830	0.950	− 0.693	0.075	0.316	0.151
	CS3	3.900	0.935	− 0.715	0.075	0.282	0.151
	CS4	3.860	0.905	− 0.691	0.075	0.510	0.151
Social engagement	SE1	3.730	0.960	− 0.681	0.075	0.332	0.151
	SE2	3.460	1.068	− 0.365	0.075	− 0.437	0.151
	SE3	3.620	0.966	− 0.526	0.075	0.040	0.151
	SE4	3.660	0.946	− 0.541	0.075	0.049	0.151