Fig. 1.

The effect of 20-Deoxyingenol(20-DOI) treatment on spatial learning function in morphine-treated rats. The animals were treated with morphine hydrochloride (45 mg/kg, sc, four weeks) except for the sham group.(A) Representative of swim route traces of rats from different groups. Each bar represents the mean of escape latency (B) distance traveled and (C) finding a hidden platform over four consecutive day trials in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. All the data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 5); ##P < 0.01 vs sham group, *P＜0.05,**P < 0.01 vs morphine group.