Table 3.
Mediating or suppressing role of cumulative fasting metabolic indices and inflammation on the longitudinal associations of light physical activity with cumulative lipids
| Cumulative light physical activity from ages 11 to 24 years N = 792 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Mediation or Suppression (%) | ||||
| Mediators | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | |
| Cumulative fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from ages 15 to 24 years | |||||||
| Total fat mass | −0.333 (−0.371-−0.290) | .003 | −0.341 (−0.384-−0.297) | .003 | 0.008 (0.002-0.020) | .010 | 2.4 suppression |
| Lean mass | −0.459 (−0.502-−0.413) | .002 | −0.456 (−0.498-−0.407) | .002 | −0.004 (−0.018-0.011) | .642 | 0.9 |
| Insulin resistance | −0.295 (−0.332-−0.254) | .003 | −0.291 (−0.328-−0.254) | .003 | −0.005 (−0.020-0.010) | .513 | 1.7 |
| High-sensitivity CRP | −0.335 (−0.373-−0.293) | .003 | −0.332 (−0.371-−0.292) | .002 | −0.003 (−0.017-0.012) | .649 | 0.9 |
| Cumulative fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from ages 15 to 24 years | |||||||
| Total fat mass | −0.141 (−0.187-−0.095) | .002 | −0.123 (−0.166-−0.078) | .002 | −0.018 (−0.036-−0.005) | .012 | 12.8 mediation |
| Lean mass | −0.242 (−0.291-−0.197) | .001 | −0.241 (−0.288-−0.195) | .001 | −0.001 (−0.005-0.001) | .315 | 0.4 |
| Insulin resistance | −0.223 (−0.266-−0.184) | .002 | −0.229 (−0.266-−0.192) | .002 | 0.006 (−0.013-0.026) | .518 | 2.7 |
| High-sensitivity CRP | −0.187 (−0.227-−0.144) | .002 | −0.191 (−0.229-−0.149) | .002 | 0.003 (−0.009-0.016) | .610 | 1.6 |
| Cumulative fasting triglyceride from ages 15 to 24 years | |||||||
| Total fat mass | −0.067 (−0.110-−0.023) | .002 | −0.048 (−0.094-−0.004) | .030 | −0.019 (−0.039-−0.005) | .017 | 28.4 mediation |
| Lean mass | −0.071 (−0.117-−0.019) | .008 | −0.073 (−0.120-−0.022) | .005 | 0.002 (−0.005-0.011) | .520 | 2.8 |
| Insulin resistance | −0.158 (−0.204-−0.104) | .002 | −0.169 (−0.204-−0.131) | .002 | 0.011 (−0.021-0.047) | .468 | 7.0 |
| High-sensitivity CRP | −0.101 (−0.146-−0.057) | .002 | −0.107 (−0.146-−0.063) | .003 | 0.005 (−0.015-0.023) | .632 | 5.0 |
| Cumulative fasting total cholesterol from ages 15 to 24 years | |||||||
| Total fat mass | −0.283 (−0.324-−0.241) | .002 | −0.266 (−0.305-−0.224) | .002 | −0.018 (−0.034-−0.006) | .009 | 6.4 mediation |
| Lean mass | −0.427 (−0.474-−0.385) | .001 | −0.426 (−0.472-−0.384) | .001 | −0.002 (−0.008-0.005) | .567 | 0.47 |
| Insulin resistance | −0.363 (−0.402-−0.325) | .002 | −0.368 (−0.401-−0.332) | .002 | 0.005 (−0.013-0.024) | .605 | 1.4 |
| High-sensitivity CRP | −0.337 (−0.372-−0.297) | .002 | −0.339 (−0.373-−0.300) | .003 | 0.002 (−0.007-0.012) | .706 | 0.59 |
Mediation structural equation model was adjusted for sex, family history of hypertension/diabetes/high cholesterol/vascular disease, socioeconomic status, and time-varying covariates measured at both baseline and follow-up such as age, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), heart rate, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and fat mass, lean mass, insulin resistance, sedentary time, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with additional adjustments for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride depending on the mediator and outcome. β is the standardized regression coefficient. P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant and are in bold. Total cholesterol analyses was not adjusted for lipids. When the magnitude of the association between the exposure and the outcome is increased upon inclusion of a third variable, suppression occurred but if decreased mediation occurred.