Table 4.

Early vs. late start of OKC exercises in patients after ACLR surgery.

Study	Sample size	Age	Outcome measures	Follow-up
Fukuda et al. (43)	45 patients randomized to early OKC (n = 23) and late OKC (n = 22)	Hamstrings graft Early OKC: 26.5 ± 8.5 Late OKC: 23.9 ± 5.5	Laxity roll meter device, with the knee in 25° of flexion Strength: isometric quadriceps Function: Lysholm score Functional performance: single-leg hop test and triple cross-over hop Pain: Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)	At 12 weeks, 19 weeks, 25 weeks, 17 months
Heijne and Werner (44)	68 patients randomized to early start (n = 19) and late start (n = 15) OKC (patellar graft) and early start (n = 17) and late start (hamstring graft)	Early OKC (patellar graft): 31 ± 8 Late OKC (patellar graft) 27 ± 5 Early OKC (hamstrings graft): 30 ± 8 Late OKC (hamstrings graft): 31 ± 9	Laxity: KT-1000 arthrometer, with the knee in 20° of flexion Strength (%): Kin-Com dynamometer (Quadriceps ratio between asymptomatic and reconstructed leg) Pain: modified anterior knee pain score	Pre-op, 3, 5, and 7 months