TABLE 1.
SS‐OCTA | Controls (n = 31) | EOAD (n = 37) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 64.0 ± 5.8 | 62.2 ± 5.9 | 0.191 |
Female, n (%) | 19 (61.3%) | 15 (40.5%) | 0.144 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 11 (35.5%) | 13 (35.1%) | 1.000 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 7 (22.6%) | 6 (16.2%) | 0.722 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 3 (9.7%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.633 |
Education, years | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 6.0 (6.0–9.0) | 0.063 |
MoCA Score | 28.0 (26.0–29.0) | 10.0 (6.0–15.0) | <0.001 |
Total volume + CSF, cm3 | 1443 (1368–1593) | 1441 (1311–1524) | 0.040 |
Total volume, cm3 | 1136 (1071–1186) | 1085 (990–1129) | <0.001 |
Hippocampus, cm3 | 6.9 (6.7–7.2) | 5.3 (4.5–6.3) | <0.001 |
Frontal lobe, cm3 | 151.6 (147.2–159.6) | 145.4 (131.6–157.9) | 0.014 |
Occipital lobe, cm3 | 68 (66–72) | 66 (60–70) | 0.027 |
Temporal lobe, cm3 | 103.5 (99.0–112.9) | 92.4 (85.2–98.1) | <0.001 |
Parietal lobe, cm3 | 73.1 (71.0–76.1) | 70.7 (62.1–75.0) | 0.040 |
Aβ40, pg/mL | 52.6 (41.8–82.0) | 91.1 (55.4–106.4) | 0.031 |
Aβ42, pg/mL | 4.52 (1.28–5.73) | 8.25 (6.36–9.55) | 0.026 |
Aβ42/40 | 0.070 (0.040–0.094) | 0.080 (0.070–0.110) | 0.057 |
Tau, pg/mL | 0.70 (0.43–0.82) | 0.64 (0.42–0.94) | 0.763 |
p‐tau181, pg/mL | 0.30 (0.20–0.61) | 1.51 (0.89–2.55) | <0.001 |
SVP, mm2 | 1.28 ± 0.08 | 1.20 ± 0.20 | 0.002 |
ICP, mm2 | 1.00 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.20 | 0.001 |
DCP, mm2 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
Choriocapillaris, mm2 | 2.83 ± 0.08 | 2.53 ± 0.24 | <0.001 |
Note: Data were expressed as mean (standard deviation) or frequency (%) as appropriate.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DCP, deep capillary plexus; EOAD, early‐onset Alzheimer's disease; HC, healthy controls; ICP, intermediate capillary plexus; IOP, intraocular pressure, measured in millimeters per mercury (mmHg); MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau; SS‐OCTA, swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography; SVP, superficial vascular plexus.