TABLE 2.
Demographics and clinical information in SD‐OCTA cohort.
| SD‐OCTA | Controls (n = 42) | EOAD (n = 47) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58.0 ± 6.9 | 60.2 ± 6.9 | 0.126 |
| Female, n (%) | 22 (52.4%) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.910 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2 (4.8%) | 3 (6.4%) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.596 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 3 (7.1%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0.530 |
| Education, years | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.5–12.0) | 0.809 |
| MoCA Score | 28.0 (26.0–29.0) | 8.0 (5.0–13.0) | <0.001 |
| Total volume + CSF, cm3 | 1482 (1371–1597) | 1435 (1297–1509) | 0.033 |
| Total volume, cm3 | 1149 (1060–1195) | 1075 (972–1111) | 0.002 |
| Hippocampus, cm3 | 6.8 (6.3–6.9) | 5.7 (5.1–6.4) | <0.001 |
| Frontal lobe, cm3 | 157.7 (146.9–168.9) | 147.7 (134.9–157.9) | 0.002 |
| Occipital lobe, cm3 | 68 (61–74) | 65 (56–70) | 0.247 |
| Temporal lobe, cm3 | 101.1 (94.8–108.3) | 90.7 (83.6–97.8) | <0.001 |
| Parietal lobe, cm3 | 77.4 (74.4–83.9) | 67.0 (59.9–72.6) | <0.001 |
| Aβ40, pg/mL | 49.2 (23.1–68.0) | 108.2 (28.4–140.8) | <0.001 |
| Aβ42, pg/mL | 2.09 (0.61–4.40) | 8.59 (6.07–13.66) | <0.001 |
| Aβ42/40 | 0.049 (0.030–0.076) | 0.072 (0.056–0.092) | 0.011 |
| Tau, pg/mL | 0.81 (0.54–1.06) | 45; 0.72 (0.53–1.17) | 0.168 |
| p‐tau181, pg/mL | 0.36 (0.20–0.52) | 40; 2.11 (1.52–3.31) | <0.001 |
| SVC, % | 50.73 ± 3.13 | 49.23 ± 3.40 | 0.004 |
| DVC, % | 53.99 ± 4.15 | 48.73 ± 4.66 | <0.001 |
| Choriocapillaris, % | 74.07 ± 2.15 | 65.98 ± 3.25 | <0.001 |
Note: Data were expressed as mean (standard deviation) or frequency (%) as appropriate.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DVC, deep vascular complex; EOAD, early‐onset Alzheimer's disease; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau; SD‐OCTA, spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography; SVC, superficial vascular complex.