TABLE 4.
Baseline features between APOE ε4 (+) and APOE ε4 (–) EOAD patients.
| APOE | APOE ε4 (–) (n = 53) | APOE ε4 (+) (n = 31) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.4 ± 5.8 | 62.4 ± 7.6 | 0.186 |
| Female, n (%) | 26 (50.0%) | 11 (35.5%) | 0.289 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (11.5%) | 10 (32.3%) | 0.042 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (7.7%) | 2 (6.5%) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 4/51 (7.8%) | 3 (9.7%) | 1.000 |
| Education, years | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 9.0 (6.0–10.5) | 0.963 |
| MoCA score | 9.0 (6.0–15.0) | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) | 0.180 |
| Total volume + CSF, cm3 | 1463 (1327–1524) | 1370 (1271–1466) | 0.111 |
| Total volume, cm3 | 1085 (982–1111) | 1009 (964–1119) | 0.167 |
| Hippocampus, cm3 | 6.2 (5.2–6.5) | 5.2 (4.2–5.6) | 0.002 |
| Frontal lobe, cm3 | 145.6 (134.7–158.9) | 146.0 (131.6–157.1) | 0.729 |
| Occipital lobe, cm3 | 66 (56–71) | 64 (59–68) | 0.738 |
| Temporal lobe, cm3 | 93.9 (84.2–98.1) | 89.8 (82.0–95.4) | 0.337 |
| Parietal lobe, cm3 | 69.7 (61.0–72.9) | 65.6 (61.4–73.7) | 0.927 |
| Aβ40, pg/mL | 102.9 (19.2–135.0) | 87.0 (54.2–108.9) | 0.580 |
| Aβ42, pg/mL | 8.59 (5.84–13.13) | 7.83 (6.38–10.94) | 0.448 |
| Aβ42/40 | 0.072 (0.060–0.090) | 0.080 (0.069–0.120) | 0.543 |
| Tau, pg/mL | 0.71 (0.47–0.90) | 0.85 (0.46–1.54) | 0.045 |
| p‐tau181, pg/mL | 1.92 (1.08–3.23) | 1.79 (1.29–2.68) | 0.322 |
| SS‐OCTA cohort | |||
| SVP, mm2 | 1.24 ± 0.16 | 1.15 ± 0.22 | 0.038 |
| ICP, mm2 | 0.94 ± 0.21 | 0.86 ± 0.18 | 0.077 |
| DCP, mm2 | 0.76 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 0.026 |
| Choriocapillaris, mm2 | 2.63 ± 0.17 | 2.42 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
| SD‐OCTA cohort | |||
| SVC, % | 49.65 ± 3.07 | 48.06 ± 4.05 | 0.081 |
| DVC, % | 48.93 ± 4.39 | 48.19 ± 5.43 | 0.557 |
| Choriocapillaris, % | 65.55 ± 3.12 | 67.19 ± 3.39 | 0.058 |
Note: Data were expressed as mean (standard deviation) or frequency (%) as appropriate.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; APOE, apolipoprotein E; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DCP, deep capillary plexus; DVC, deep vascular complex; EOAD, early‐onset Alzheimer's disease; ICP, intermediate capillary plexus; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau; SD‐OCTA, spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography; SS‐OCTA, swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography; SVC, superficial vascular complex; SVP, superficial vascular plexus.