TABLE 1.
Baseline participant characteristics according to the Aβ42/40 ratio status.
| Aβ42/40 normal (N = 686) | Aβ42/40 abnormal (N = 101) | Total (N = 787) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 73.0 (69.0, 80.0) | 83.0 (78.0, 87.0) | 73.0 (69.0, 80.0) | <0.001 |
| Sex Female, N(%) | 431(62.8%) | 69 (68.3%) | 500 (63.5%) | 0.320 |
| Race Non‐White, N(%) | 33 (4.8%) | 3 (3.0%) | 36 (4.6%) | 0.609 |
| Education, N(%) | 0.018 | |||
| < High School | 32 (4.7%) | 9 (8.9%) | 41 (5.2%) | |
| = High School | 240 (35.0%) | 45 (44.6%) | 285 (36.2%) | |
| > High School | 414 (60.3%) | 47 (46.5%) | 461 (58.6%) | |
| APOE ε4 carrier, N(%) | 152 (22.2%) | 20 (19.8%) | 172 (21.9%) | |
| MCI group, N(%) | 103 (15.0%) | 14 (13.9%) | 117 (14.9%) | 0.881 |
| Plasma biomarker b , median (IQR), pg/mL | ||||
| Aβ40 | 103.945 (83.647, 123.440) | 2.153 (1.377, 3.505) | 99.949 (60.702, 119.079) | <0.001 |
| Aβ42 | 6.825 (5.340, 8.161) | 0.625 (0.380, 0.841) | 6.398 (3.827, 7.918) | <0.001 |
| Aβ42/40 | 0.067 (0.059, 0.074) | 0.237 (0.169, 0.347) | 0.069 (0.060, 0.079) | <0.001 |
| p‐tau181 | 1.661 (1.185, 2.461) | 1.533 (0.806, 2.104) | 1.630 (1.151, 2.434) | 0.004 |
| NfL | 21.471 (16.218, 31.333) | 38.304 (28.590, 52.171) | 23.147 (16.955, 34.961) | <0.001 |
| GFAP | 122.001 (85.189, 175.047) | 221.199 (153.642, 341.984) | 129.964 (89.084, 194.295) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity c , N(%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 168 (24.5%) | 30 (29.7%) | 198 (25.2%) | 0.270 |
| Hypertension | 462 (67.3%) | 77 (76.2%) | 539 (68.5%) | 0.085 |
| Kidney disease | 33 (4.8%) | 8 (7.9%) | 41 (5.2%) | 0.225 |
Note: This table presents the characteristics of the study population by Aβ42/40 status. Aβ42/40 normal is defined as Aβ42/40 0.1249, equivalent to exp(−2.08), while Aβ42/40 abnormal corresponds to Aβ42/40 > 0.1249. All continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile range: median, Q1, Q3, while categorical variables are shown as frequency and percentages: N (%).< High School: < 8th grade or 8th to 11th grade. = High School: graduated from high school or Generalized Educational Development. > High School: graduated from college, 4‐year college program, or graduate school. Non‐White: Black or African American, or more than one race. CN: CDR = 0, cognitive normal. MCI: CDR = 0.5, mild cognitively impaired.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; APOE, apolipoprotein E; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; IQR, interquartile range; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NfL, neurofilament light chain; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau.
P values represent the comparison between Aβ42/40 normal and abnormal groups. For continuous variables, they were derived from the Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and for categorical variables, they were derived from Fisher exact tests. The significant level of 0.05 was used. Significant results are indicated in bold.
Plasma biomarkers were raw values before standardizations.
Participants self‐reported having been told by a health‐care professional that they had diabetes, hypertension until the collection of the plasma sample.