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. 2024 May 16;20(6):4199–4211. doi: 10.1002/alz.13829

TABLE 3.

Associations between baseline dichotomized plasma biomarkers and rate of change in domain‐specific cognitive composite score.

Domain Biomarker β SD p value Adjusted p value e
Memory Aβ42/40 abnormal a −0.182 0.056 0.001 0.001
p‐tau181 T3 b −0.088 0.042 0.041 0.041
NfL T3 c −0.163 0.043 <0.001 <0.001
GFAP T3 d −0.166 0.042 <0.001 <0.001
Attention Aβ42/40 abnormal a −0.096 0.086 0.257 0.257
p‐tau181 T3 b −0.085 0.062 0.155 0.207
NfL T3 c −0.102 0.063 0.099 0.198
GFAP T3 d −0.127 0.065 0.051 0.198
Language Aβ42/40 abnormal a −0.069 0.075 0.379 0.379
p‐tau181 T3 b −0.101 0.055 0.061 0.081
NfL T3 c −0.124 0.058 0.036 0.072
GFAP T3 d −0.146 0.057 0.005 0.020
Executive functions Aβ42/40 abnormal a −0.159 0.085 0.066 0.088
p‐tau181 T3 b −0.049 0.060 0.407 0.407
NfL T3 c −0.129 0.059 0.030 0.088
GFAP T3 d −0.118 0.062 0.054 0.088
Visuospatial functions Aβ42/40 abnormal a −0.060 0.024 0.012 0.032
p‐tau181 T3 b −0.014 0.021 0.493 0.493
NfL T3 c −0.033 0.021 0.110 0.147
GFAP T3 d −0.047 0.020 0.016 0.032

Note: This table shows the results of linear mixed effects submodels of the joint models to determine whether the decline rate of domain‐specific cognitive score varies between plasma biomarker levels. Each submodel used a domain‐specific cognitive composite score as the outcome variable and included a binarized baseline plasma biomarker in addition to a basic model containing age, sex, race, education, and APOE allele. The β coefficient represents the estimate of the effect of the interaction between each plasma biomarker and time. It is presented as “The difference in yearly change in domain‐specific cognitive composite scores between the abnormal group or highest tertile (Tertile‐3) and the normal group or the combination of the lowest and middle tertile groups (Tertile‐1 and Tertile‐2).” The comparison is made for each of Aβ42/40 ratio and other biomarkers respectively. The SD represents the standard deviation of the point estimate. P value is derived from an analysis of variance comparison to the basic model, with a significant level of 0.05. Significant results are indicated in bold.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; APOE, apolipoprotein E; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NfL, neurofilament light chain; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau.

a

Aβ42/40 abnormal was defined as Aβ42/40 > 0.1249, equivalent to exp(‐2.08).

b

Highest tertile (Tertile‐3/T3) of p‐tau181 was (2.0430, 22.4752).

c

Highest tertile (Tertile‐3/T3) of NfL was (30.2348, 425.5836).

d

Highest tertile (Tertile‐3/T3) of GFAP was (167.7761, 1220.0310).

e

The adjusted p values were calculated by the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to control for the false discovery rates in multiple testing on the same domain.