Hesperetin (Hst) reduced palmitic acid (PA)-elicited
mitochondrial
dysfunction and damaged mitochondria accumulation in HepG2 cells.
Cells were pretreated with or without Hst at a concentration of 40
μM for 4 h prior to stimulation with PA (400 μM) for 24
h. (A) Cells were stained with MitoTracker Green and images were taken
by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Nuclei were counterstained with
Hoechst 33342 (blue). (B) Representative images and (C) quantification
of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS (D,E). (F)
Representative immunoblotting and (G,H) quantification of the indicated
mitochondrial proteins. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control.
Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Data are presented
as mean ± SEM of n = 3 independent experiments.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed student’s t test). Scale bars are 20 μm in (A), 10 μm
in (B,D).