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. 2024 May 29;72(23):13039–13053. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09132

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Hesperetin (Hst) reduced palmitic acid (PA)-elicited mitochondrial dysfunction and damaged mitochondria accumulation in HepG2 cells. Cells were pretreated with or without Hst at a concentration of 40 μM for 4 h prior to stimulation with PA (400 μM) for 24 h. (A) Cells were stained with MitoTracker Green and images were taken by spinning disk confocal microscopy. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). (B) Representative images and (C) quantification of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS (D,E). (F) Representative immunoblotting and (G,H) quantification of the indicated mitochondrial proteins. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control. Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Data are presented as mean ± SEM of n = 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed student’s t test). Scale bars are 20 μm in (A), 10 μm in (B,D).