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. 2024 Jun 17;16:129. doi: 10.1186/s13195-024-01500-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Lower LC MRI signal intensity is associated with lower cortical thickness, particularly in individuals with elevated pathology. Associations between measures of cortical thickness and LC MRI signal intensity interacted with continuous EC FTP or neocortical PiB for the entire sample, corrected for age, sex, and years of education. A, C Positive associations and corresponding test statistics between CT regions and the interaction of EC FTP (A; entorhinal, fusiform, inferior parietal, inferior temporal, lateral occipital, lingual, middle temporal, parahippocampal, precentral and insular cortices) or neocortical PiB (C; entorhinal, fusiform, inferior temporal, lateral occipital, lingual, middle temporal, parahippocampal, paracentral, pericalcarine, precentral, superior temporal and insular cortices) with LC MRI signal intensity. B, D Visualization of the association between CT of the Braak I-II region (left; n = 165; P_FDR < .001) as well as CT of Braak IV regions (right; n = 165; P_FDR < .001) and EC FTP (B) or neocortical PiB (D) interacted with LC MRI signal intensity: lower LC MRI signal intensity is associated with lower CT in both early Braak I-II region and late Braak IV regions, particularly in individuals with elevated EC FTP or neocortical PiB. As represented by the pink vertical lines in D, floodlight analyses reveal significance starting from subthreshold PiB values (left: ≥ 1.15; right: ≥ 1.20), as compared to the HABS cut-off: 1.324 DVR PVC. LC MRI signal intensity is shown at simple slopes representing minimum, median, and maximum for visualization, but analyses have been conducted continuously. Shaded areas represent the 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations: LC, locus coeruleus; CT, cortical thickness