Table 3:
Cross-sectional associations of BHB with eGFR and htTKV on baseline using linear regression analyses.
| Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | B (95% CI) | P-value | B (95% CI) | P-value | B (95% CI) | P-value | B (95% CI) | P-value |
| eGFR | R2 = 0.001; N = 520 | R2 = 0.46; N = 520 | R2 = 0.66; N = 513 | R2 = 0.68; N = 513 | ||||
| Log2(BHB) | –1.07 (–3.95 to 1.81) | .47 | –0.01 (–2.14 to 2.13) | .9 | 1.52 (–0.21 to 3.24) | .08 | 1.29 (–0.38 to 2.96) | .13 |
| Sex (female) | 6.08 (2.26 to 9.89) | .002 | –5.12 (–8.44 to –1.8) | .003 | –4.39 (–7.63 to –1.14) | .008 | ||
| Age (years) | –1.62 (–1.78 to –1.46) | <.001 | –1.36 (–1.49 to –1.23) | <.001 | –1.52 (–1.66 to –1.38) | <.001 | ||
| Log2(copeptin) | –11.54 (–12.87 to –10.21) | <.001 | –10.90 (–12.20 to –9.59) | <.001 | ||||
| SBP | 0.04 (–0.07 to 0.14) | .52 | ||||||
| PKD2 (ref)a | ||||||||
| PKD1 NT | –6.00 (–10.07 to –1.94) | .004 | ||||||
| PKD1 T | –10.48 (–14.43 to –6.53) | <.001 | ||||||
| Other/missing | 4.46 (–1.43 to 10.34) | .31 | ||||||
| htTKV | R2 = 0.002; N = 489 | R2 = 0.15; N = 489 | R2 = 0.26; N = 482 | R2 = 0.29; N = 482 | ||||
| Log2(BHB) | 0.961 (0.895 to 1.032) | .27 | 0.977 (0.915 to 1.044) | .50 | 0.950 (0.893 to 1.011) | .11 | 0.952 (0.895 to 1.012) | .12 |
| Sex (female) | 0.671 (0.596 to 0.755) | <.001 | 0.822 (0.728 to 0.927) | <.001 | 0.818 (0.726 to 0.922) | <.001 | ||
| Age (years) | 1.013 (1.008 to 1.018) | <.001 | 1.009 (1.004 to 1.013) | <.001 | 1.010 (1.005 to 1.015) | <.001 | ||
| Log2(copeptin) | 1.229 (1.171 to 1.291) | <.001 | 1.219 (1.161 to 1.280) | <.001 | ||||
| SBP | 1.003 (0.999 to 1.007) | .14 | ||||||
| PKD2 (ref)a | ||||||||
| PKD1 NT | 0.989 (0.852 to 1.148) | .9 | ||||||
| PKD1 T | 1.146 (0.989 to 1.327) | .07 | ||||||
| Other/missing | 0.781 (0.635 to 0.959) | .02 | ||||||
Estimates and P-values were calculated using multivariable regression analyses. The dependent variables are eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) and log2(htTKV) (mL/m) at baseline. The independent variables are baseline log2(BHB) (crude), adjusted for sex, age (Model 1), additionally adjusted for log2(copeptin) (Model 2) and additionally adjusted for SBP and PKD mutations (Model 3). The estimates for dependent variable htTKV are back-log transformed. For categorical variables, estimates show fold changes compared with the reference category. For continuous variables, the estimate indicates the fold change per one-unit increase. When the independent variable is log2-transformed, a doubling (one unit increase) of the independent variable corresponds to the fold change according to the estimate.
aPKD mutation was used as dummy variable with PKD2 as reference group.
B, estimate; N, number; PKD, polycystic kidney disease; NT, non-truncating; T, truncating.