Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort according to oral anticoagulant categories.
| Warfarin 1st TTR quartile (lowest) | Warfarin 2nd TTR quartile | Warfarin 3rd TTR quartile | Warfarin 4th TTR quartile (highest) | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Edoxaban | SMD before weighting | SMD after weighting | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 10,883 | 10,877 | 10,893 | 10,895 | 4545 | 12,950 | 12,426 | 539 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 73.6 (11.8) | 75.3 (10.3) | 75.0 (9.7) | 73.7 (9.9) | 67.1 (8.6) | 70.9 (10.6) | 72.2 (10.1) | 71.6 (9.7) | 0.33 | 0.017 |
| Female sex | 5305 (48.7) | 5898 (54.2) | 6044 (55.5) | 5624 (51.6) | 1809 (39.8) | 5898 (45.5) | 5867 (47.2) | 232 (43.0) | 0.119 | 0.015 |
| Income quintiles | 0.275 | |||||||||
| 1st (lowest) | 2826 (26.0) | 2790 (25.7) | 2584 (23.7) | 2486 (22.8) | 406 (8.9) | 1779 (13.7) | 1848 (14.9) | 82 (15.2) | ||
| 2nd | 2413 (22.2) | 2532 (23.3) | 2468 (22.7) | 2363 (21.7) | 627 (13.8) | 2090 (16.1) | 2205 (17.7) | 103 (19.1) | ||
| 3rd | 2077 (19.1) | 2210 (20.3) | 2326 (21.4) | 2281 (20.9) | 838 (18.4) | 2519 (19.5) | 2451 (19.7) | 98 (18.2) | ||
| 4th | 1869 (17.2) | 1830 (16.8) | 1933 (17.7) | 2026 (18.6) | 1194 (26.3) | 2981 (23.0) | 2835 (22.8) | 132 (24.5) | ||
| 5th (highest) | 1697 (15.6) | 1515 (13.9) | 1582 (14.5) | 1739 (16.0) | 1480 (32.6) | 3578 (27.6) | 3085 (24.8) | 124 (23.0) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Chronic kidney disease | 702 (6.5) | 453 (4.2) | 349 (3.2) | 275 (2.5) | 46 (1.0) | 151 (1.2) | 336 (2.7) | 9 (1.7) | 0.102 | |
| Any vascular disease | 3310 (30.4) | 3191 (29.3) | 3053 (28.0) | 2693 (24.7) | 830 (18.3) | 2882 (22.3) | 3130 (25.2) | 126 (23.4) | 0.108 | 0.01 |
| Cancer | 2344 (21.5) | 2480 (22.8) | 2336 (21.4) | 2172 (19.9) | 692 (15.2) | 2420 (18.7) | 2551 (20.5) | 110 (20.4) | 0.074 | |
| Dementia | 560 (5.1) | 502 (4.6) | 426 (3.9) | 325 (3.0) | 36 (0.8) | 311 (2.4) | 344 (2.8) | 27 (5.0) | 0.124 | |
| Diabetes | 2971 (27.3) | 2981 (27.4) | 2583 (23.7) | 2333 (21.4) | 1064 (23.4) | 2993 (23.1) | 3346 (26.9) | 157 (29.1) | 0.071 | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 5870 (53.9) | 6252 (57.5) | 6108 (56.1) | 5812 (53.3) | 2477 (54.5) | 6965 (53.8) | 7321 (58.9) | 328 (60.9) | 0.075 | |
| Heart failure | 2580 (23.7) | 2338 (21.5) | 1777 (16.3) | 1382 (12.7) | 310 (6.8) | 1241 (9.6) | 1649 (13.3) | 53 (9.8) | 0.167 | |
| Hypertension | 8516 (78.3) | 8780 (80.7) | 8752 (80.3) | 8461 (77.7) | 3483 (76.6) | 10,059 (77.7) | 9902 (79.7) | 426 (79.0) | 0.037 | 0.008 |
| Prior bleeding | 1277 (11.7) | 1128 (10.4) | 970 (8.9) | 874 (8.0) | 345 (7.6) | 1214 (9.4) | 1299 (10.5) | 45 (8.3) | 0.05 | 0.049 |
| Prior IS or TIA | 1783 (16.3) | 1920 (17.7) | 1866 (17.1) | 1749 (16.1) | 689 (15.2) | 1632 (12.6) | 2105 (16.9) | 65 (12.1) | 0.079 | 0.022 |
| COPD | 860 (7.9) | 707 (6.5) | 438 (4.0) | 332 (3.0) | 176 (3.9) | 595 (4.6) | 688 (5.5) | 20 (3.7) | 0.086 | |
| Medications | ||||||||||
| Statins | 4113 (37.8) | 4580 (42.1) | 4597 (42.2) | 4385 (40.2) | 1758 (38.7) | 4816 (37.2) | 5248 (42.2) | 240 (44.5) | 0.074 | 0.008 |
| Antithrombotic | 1095 (10.1) | 1195 (11.0) | 1077 (9.9) | 948 (8.7) | 340 (7.5) | 1076 (8.3) | 1245 (10.0) | 39 (7.2) | ||
| ACE or ATR | 5247 (48.2) | 5690 (52.3) | 5572 (51.2) | 5305 (48.t) | 1810 (39.8) | 4718 (36.4) | 3766 (30.3) | 108 (20.0) | ||
| Risk scores | ||||||||||
| Mean modified HAS-BLED score | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.0) | 2.1 (1.0) | 0.12 | 0.022 |
| Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.7 (1.9) | 3.9 (1.7) | 3.8 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.7) | 2.8 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.7) | 3.3 (1.6) | 0.265 | 0.036 |
| Exposure, mean (median), days | 236 (178) | 448 (449) | 512 (640) | 467 (532) | 389 (349) | 398 (354) | 357 (304) | 273 (206) | ||
CHA2DS2-VASc score: congestive heart failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age ≥75 years (2 points), diabetes (1 point), history of stroke or TIA (2 points), vascular disease (1 point), age 65–74 years (1 point), sex category (female) (1 point); COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IS: ischemic stroke; modified HAS-BLED score: hypertension (1 point), abnormal renal or liver function (1 point each), prior stroke (1 point), bleeding history (1 point), age >65 years (1 point), alcohol abuse (1 point), concomitant antiplatelet/NSAIDs (1 point) (no labile INR, max score 8); SMD: standardized mean difference; TIA: transient ischemic attack; TTR: time-in-therapeutic-range; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ATR: angiotensin II receptor blocker.
Values denote proportions (%) or means with standard deviations.