| • Ephelis (freckle) | • Drugs (such as phenothiazines, zidovudine, minocycline) |
| • Racial | • Smoking |
| • Naevus | • Heavy metals |
| • Malignant melanoma | • Addison's disease (and related disorders) |
| • Kaposi's sarcoma | • Other rare causes |
| • Peutz-Jegher's syndrome | |
| • Amalgam or graphite tattoo | |