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. 2023 Jul 31;3:1230084. doi: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1230084

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Copyright © 2023 Songco-Aguas, Grimes and Rieke

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rod-cone interference is present in the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to RGCs. (A) Voltage-clamp recordings of excitatory synaptic input to an On Parasol RGC in response to 8 Hz rod (blue trace), cone (red trace), or combined (rod-cone) flicker (grey trace). (B, C) Excitatory (B) and inhibitory (C) synaptic response amplitudes (sinusoidal fit, see Methods) for stimulus frequencies ranging 2-10 Hz for 6 On Parasol RGC recordings. (D) Relative timing differences (i.e phase shifts) between isolated rod and cone excitatory inputs to On Parasol RGCs. (E) Same as in (D) but for inhibitory synaptic input. (F) Plot of the rod-cone nonlinear interaction index (see Methods) as a function of stimulus frequency. Recordings of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input reveal a similar degree of destructive interference to that of spike recordings. Markers and error bars in B-F represents mean ± SEM.