Table 2. Forearm measures, force production and resting absolute intensity hemodynamics.
| All n = 20; 80% RH |
Males (M) n = 10; 60% RH |
Females (F) n = 10; 100% RH |
M vs. F P-values |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
ND Arm | D Arm | P-value | ND Arm | D Arm | P-value | ND Arm | D Arm | P-value | ND Arm | D Arm |
| Forearm Girth (cm) | 25.1 ± 2.8 | 25.3 ± 2.8 | 0.111 | 26.8 ± 2.5 | 27.1 ± 2.5 | 0.287 | 23.4 ± 1.9 | 23.6 ± 1.7 | 0.263 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Skinfold Thickness (mm) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–2) | 0.167 | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 0.251 | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–4)* | 0.014 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| MVC (N) | 315 ± 140 | 354 ± 127* | < 0.001 | 409 ± 130 | 432 ± 123 | 0.101 | 220 ± 68 | 274 ± 69* | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| 30%MVC target (N) | 94 ± 42 | 106 ± 38* | < 0.001 | 123 ± 39 | 129 ± 37 | 0.101 | 66 ± 21 | 82 ± 21* | 0.003 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Absolute Force (N) | 97 ± 11 | 98 ± 13 | 0.606 | 99 ± 12 | 96 ± 12 | 0.415 | 96 ± 13 | 101 ± 13* | 0.038 | 0.582 | 0.318 |
| Relative Force (N) | 96 ± 44 | 105 ± 39* | 0.040 | 123 ± 42 | 126 ± 39 | 0.680 | 69 ± 24 | 82 ± 25* | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Brachial artery diameter (cm) | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.05 | 0.008 | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 0.239 | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.016 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| FBF (ml/min) | 23 (20–43) | 28 (23–53) | 0.111 | 34 (22–50) | 44 (29–69) | 0.168 | 21 (18–25) | 26 (19–28) | 0.275 | 0.075 | 0.043 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 89 (87–94) | 93 (87–95) | 0.739 | 94 (90–95) | 94 (87–95) | 0.519 | 87 (85–88) | 92 (88–95) | 0.130 | 0.009 | 0.684 |
| FVC (ml/min/100mmHg) | 26 (22–46) | 30 (23–58) | 0.312 | 35 (24–48) | 48 (30–82) | 0.139 | 24 (20–29) | 27 (21–33) | 0.846 | 0.123 | 0.052 |
| SpO2 (%) | 99 (99–99) | 99 (98–99) | 0.120 | 99 (99–99) | 99 (98–99) | 0.346 | 99 (99–99) | 99 (98–99) | 0.345 | 0.583 | 0.524 |
| SmO2 (%) | 75 ± 8 | 77 ± 7 | 0.307 | 74 ± 8 | 77 ± 7 | 0.341 | 76 ± 9 | 77 ± 8 | 0.776 | 0.575 | 0.978 |
Parametric variables are presented as mean ± SD. Non-parametric variables are presented as median (Q1-Q3). MVC; maximal voluntary contraction, RH; right-handed, FBF; forearm blood flow, MAP; mean arterial pressure, FVC; forearm vascular conductance, SpO2; oxygen pulse saturation, SmO2; skeletal muscle oxygen saturation. Dominant (D) arms were compared to non-dominant (ND) arms using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test as needed. Males were compared to females using an independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test as needed.
* denotes statistically significant difference between ND and D arm (p<0.05).