FIGURE 3.

Insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) knockdown promotes tube formation, cell proliferation and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (A) Representative heatmap, (B) volcano plot and (C) Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment pathway in IGFBP5 shRNA (sh‐IGFBP5)‐ or control shRNA (sh‐NC)‐transfected HUVECs. (D) Representative images and (E) quantification of tube formation in sh‐NC‐ and sh‐IGFBP5‐transfected HUVECs (n = 5 in each group). (F) Representative immunofluorescence images and (G) quantification of 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU, green)‐stained HUVECs transfected with sh‐NC or sh‐IGFBP5 (n = 5 in each group). (H) Representative images and (I) quantification of flow cytometry for cell cycle in sh‐NC‐ or sh‐IGFBP5‐transfected HUVECs (n = 5 in each group). (J) Representative images and (K) quantification of wound healing assay in sh‐NC‐ or sh‐IGFBP5‐transfected HUVECs (n = 5 in each group). (L) Representative images and (M) quantification of transwell assay in sh‐NC‐ or sh‐IGFBP5‐transfected HUVECs (n = 5 in each group). (N) Representative Western blotting images and (O) quantification of IGFBP5, p‐IGF1R and IGF1R expression in sh‐NC‐ or sh‐IGFBP5‐transfected HUVECs. (P) Representative Western blotting images and (Q) quantification of p‐Erk1/2, Erk1/2, p‐Akt and Akt expression in sh‐NC‐ or sh‐IGFBP5‐transfected HUVECs (n = 6 in each group).