Table 2.
Outcomes between intervention group and control group (Intention-to-treat analysis).
| Variables | Control group (n = 61) | P value time | Intervention group (n = 61) | P value time | P value between group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric measurement | |||||
| Weight: median (IQR), kg | 70.3 (63.4, 78) | – | 69 (61, 78.9) | – | 0.854 |
| Weight change: median (IQR), kg | − 1 (− 3.2, 0) | < 0.001 | − 1.3 (− 3.1, 0) | < 0.001 | 0.599 |
| Percentage weight change: median (IQR), % | − 1.3 (− 4.2, 0) | < 0.001 | − 1.9 (− 4.2, 0) | < 0.001 | 0.525 |
| BMI: mean (SD), kg | 27.1 (3.9) | – | 27.2 (4.1) | – | 0.909 |
| BMI change: median (IQR), kg/m2 | − 0.4 (− 1.1, 0) | < 0.001 | − 0.5 (− 1.1, 0) | < 0.001 | 0.530 |
| Waist circumference: mean (SD), cm | 91.4 (9.4) | – | 90.9 (10) | – | 0.764 |
| Waist circumference change: median (IQR), cm | − 2 (− 3.5, 0) | < 0.001 | − 1.5 (− 3, 0) | < 0.001 | 0.768 |
| HGS change: median (IQR), kg | 0.3 (− 0.9, 2.7) | 0.092 | 0.7 (− 0.7, 3) | 0.014 | 0.693 |
| Laboratory results | |||||
| ALT: median (IQR), U/L | 26 (20, 44) | – | 31 (19, 53) | – | 0.343 |
| ALT change: median (IQR), U/L | − 9 (− 17.8, − 0.8) | < 0.001 | − 4 (− 17, 2) | 0.006 | 0.189 |
| HOMA-IR: median (IQR), mg/dL | 2.3 (1.4, 3.8) | – | 2.3 (1.4, 3.3) | – | 0.502 |
| HOMA-IR change: median (IQR), mg/dL | − 0.1 (− 1, 0.6) | 0.240 | − 0.1 (− 0.9, 0.5) | 0.102 | 0.804 |
| FIBROSCAN data | |||||
| CAP: mean (SD), dB/m | 267 (49.1) | – | 267.9 (56.1) | – | 0.925 |
| CAP change: mean (SD), dB/m | − 25.1 (41.9) | < 0.001 | − 19.9 (43.9) | < 0.001 | 0.506 |
| Percentage CAP change: mean (SD), % | − 7.8 (14.4) | < 0.001 | − 6.2 (15.4) | < 0.001 | 0.557 |
| Liver stiffness: median (IQR), kPa | 5.4 (4.6, 6.8) | – | 5.4 (4.2, 6.4) | – | 0.690 |
| Liver stiffness change: median (IQR), kPa | − 0.1 (− 1.5, 1) | 0.639 | − 0.4 (− 1.4, 0.2) | 0.008 | 0.225 |
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis data | |||||
| Fat mass: mean (SD), kg | 24.3 (18.9, 29.9) | – | 22.9 (18.5, 28.4) | – | 0.628 |
| Fat mass change: mean (SD), kg | − 0.8 (2.1) | 0.004 | − 1.3 (2.3) | < 0.001 | 0.297 |
| Percentage of fat mass: mean (SD), % | 35.9 (9.4) | – | 34.4 (8.4) | – | 0.368 |
| Percentage of fat mass change: mean (SD), % | − 0.5 (1.9) | 0.040 | − 1 (2.1) | < 0.001 | 0.213 |
| Skeletal muscle mass: median (IQR), kg | 22.6 (21.2, 26.7) | – | 23.1 (21.35, 27.65) | – | 0.404 |
| Skeletal muscle mass change: median (IQR), kg | − 0.30 (0.9) | 0.007 | − 0.16 (0.9) | 0.168 | 0.403 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Moderate exercise activity, min/week | 40 (0, 150) | – | 60 (0, 150) | – | 0.539 |
| Vigorous exercise activity, min/week | 0 | – | 0 | – | 0.666 |
| Any exercise activity, min/week | 80 (0, 180) | – | 120 (0, 225) | – | 0.283 |
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; dB/m, decibels per meter; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; HOMAR-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; IQR, interquartile range; kPa, kilopascal; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.