FIGURE 9.

Comparison between inputs and outputs of NTS^PNMT neurons. (A) Whole‐brain and output distributions of NTS^PNMT neurons compared in six major structural general subdivision. Up: proportion of inputs to NTS^PNMT neurons. Down: proportion of outputs from NTS^PNMT neurons. (B) Percentage of total inputs to and outputs from the whole‐brain to NTS^PNMT neurons. The data represent the mean ± SEM, with n = 4 for inputs and n = 8 for outputs. Levene's test followed by independent samples Student's ttests and Mann–Whitney U test (input vs. output: Telencephalon, p = 0.00001; Diencephalon, p = 0.00001; Cerebellum, p = 0.9859; Midbrain, p = 0.9544; pons, p = 0.1923; Medulla, p = 0.6140, ****p < 0.0001) were used to indicate statistical differences between inputs and outputs of NTS^PNMT neurons in the same subdivision. (C) and (D) The percentage of inputs versus outputs in each region of typical nuclei that connected with the NTS^PNMT neurons. Brain areas are grouped into four general structures: the diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla. Error bar represents the SEM, with n = 4 for inputs and n = 8 for outputs. 12N, hypoglossal nucleus; Cu, cuneate nucleus; CVLM, caudal ventrolateral medulla; Gi, gigantocellular reticular nucleus; IO, inferior olive; IRt, intermediate reticular nucleus; LPBN, lateral parabrachial nucleus; MTu, medial tuberal nucleus; MVe, medial vestibular nucleus; PCRt, parvocellular reticular nucleus; Pn, pontine reticular nucleus; preBötC, pre‐Bötzinger complex; PVH, paraventricular hypothalamus; RTN, retrotrapezoid nucleus; RtTg, reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; Sp5, spinal trigeminal nucleus, caudal part; SpVe, spinal vestibular nucleus; SuVe, superior vestibular nucleus; VLPAG, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray; ZID, zona incerta, dorsal part.