TABLE 1.
The proportion (>2%) and involved physiological behaviors of nuclei that input to the NTSPNMT neurons.
| Brain region | Nucleus | Proportion (%) | Physiological behaviors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telencephalon | CeA | 15.43 | Emotion, attention, motivation, memory formation and extinction, anxiety and depression, negative behaviors | 43, 50, 59 |
| BNST | 3.00 | Defensive, anxiety and addiction, sleep–wake behaviors; reward, social behaviors | 51, 60 | |
| Diencephalon | PVH | 5.20 | Hunting; anxiety, stress, respiratory, feeding behaviors | 56, 61, 62 |
| PSTh | 4.16 | Locomotion; REM sleep; defensive behaviors; fear‐associated hypothermia | 63 | |
| Midbrain | VLPAG | 4.08 | Pain; offensive/defensive behaviors; respiration antinociceptive; itch‐scratching; emotion; sleep–wake behaviors; HR | 64, 65, 66 |
| PBP | 2.57 | Trigeminovascular sensory processing | 67 | |
| Pons | MPBN | 4.20 | Wakefulness; respiration | 68 |
| Pn | 2.53 | Auditory startle reflex | 69 | |
| Medulla | AP | 12.51 | Nausea‐associated behaviors | 70 |
| Gi | 5.91 | Swallowing reflex; locomotor recovery | 58, 71 | |
| IRt | 4.38 | Postinspiratory activity; swallowing; respiratory‐sympathetic coupling; nose motion | 72 | |
| Sp5 | 3.80 | Pain; temperature sensations; self grooming | 73 | |
| PCRt | 2.95 | Feeding behavior | 74 | |
| CVLM | 2.68 | Sleep control; cardiovascular regulation | 10, 40 | |
| LPGi | 2.50 | Locomotion | 75 | |
| MVe | 2.40 | Maintaining equilibrium; posture; head position | 76, 77 | |
| IO | 2.08 | Tremor; learning and timing of movements | 78 |